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Abstract
This study examines and analyzes the effect of transformational leadership on learning motivation and job performance and the effect of learning motivation as a mediating variable. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to research respondents, namely employees in factory 1 grade 5, 6, and 7 (operator level) at PT. Petrokimia Gresik, Indonesia, with 207 employees as the respondents. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Partial Least Square (PLS). Findings: The results of this study state that transformational leadership has a significant positive effect on learning motivation and job performance. Learning motivation also has a significant positive effect on job performance. In addition. The existence of this research has implications that state that in increasing employee job performance, transformational leadership and learning motivation need to be improved. Learning motivation acts as a partial mediating variable in mediating the relationship between transformational leadership and job performance, which later becomes a new finding in this study.
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References
- Afsar, B., & Umrani, W. A. (2020). Transformational Leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of n, task complexity and innovation climate. European Journal of Innovation.
- Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The leadership quarterly, 6(2), 199-218.
- Boshier, R. (1976). Factor analysts at large: A critical review of the motivational orientation literature. Adult education, 27(1), 24-47.
- Chandrasekara, W. S. (2019). The effect of transformational leadership style on employees Job satisfaction and job performance: A case of apparel manufacturing Industry in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 8(7), 385-393.
- Chen, J. X., Sharma, P., Zhan, W., & Liu, L. (2019). Demystifying the impact of CEO transformational leadership on firm performance: Interactive roles of exploratory innovation and environmental uncertainty. Journal of Business Research, 96(1), 85-96.
- Cook, D. A., & Artino Jr, A. R. (2016). Motivation to learn: an overview of contemporary theories. Medical education, 50(10), 997-1014.
- Destianti, V., Fakhri, M., Madiawati, P. N., Nurnida, I., & Kurnia, B. (2021). The Effect of Job Stress and Job Motivation Toward Employee Performance in Department of Tourism and Culture Bandung. IEOM Society International, 5714-5723.
- Ekhsan, M., & Setiawan, I. (2021). The Role of Motivation Mediation on the Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Performance. International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology, 1(1), 35-40.
- Gibson, J. W., Tesone, D. V., & Buchalski, R. M. (2000). The leader as mentor. Journal of Leadership Studies, 7(3), 56-67.
- Golden, J.H. III., & Shriner, M. (2017). Examining relationships between transformational leadership and employee creative performance: the moderator effects of organizational culture. The Journal of Creative Behavior, available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.216
- Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1974). So you want to know your leadership style?. Training & Development Journal.
- Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2008). School effectiveness. Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice, 299-308.
- Ibrahim, M., Karollah, B., Juned, V., & Yunus, M. (2022). The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Work Motivation and Culture on Millennial Generation Employees Performance of the Manufacturing Industry in the Digital Era. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
- Ismail, A., Sieng, L. L. C., Abdullah, M. M. B., & Francis, S. K. (2010). Linking supervisor’s role in training programs to motivation to learn as an antecedent of job performance. Intangible capital, 6(1), 1-25.
- Kark, R., Van Dijk, D., & Vashdi, D. R. (2018). Motivated or demotivated to be creative: The role of self‐regulatory focus in transformational and transactional leadership processes. Applied Psychology, 67(1), 186-224.
- Khaola, P. & Coldwell, D. (2019). Explaining how leadership and justice influence employee innovative behaviours. European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 193-212.
- Leithwood, K. & Jantzi, D. (2006). Transformational school leadership for large-scale reform: effects on students, teachers, and their classroom practices. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 201-227.
- Liu, Y. Y. (2020). The Relationship between Managerial Support and Job Training Satisfaction with the Mediation Effect of Learning Motivation (Doctoral dissertation, National Taiwan Normal University (Taiwan)).
- Matsunaga, M. (2022). Uncertainty management, transformational leadership, and job performance in an AI-powered organizational context. Communication monographs, 89(1), 118-139.
- Moeheriono. (2012). Competency-Based Performance Measurement. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada.
- O'connor, A. B. (1982). Reasons nurses participate in self-study continuing education programs. Nursing Research, 31(6), 371-374.
- Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. (2009). Organizational behavior. Pearson South Africa.
- Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. (2012). Essentials of organizational behavior.
- Ross, M., Perkins, H., & Bodey, K. (2016). Academic motivation and information literacy self-efficacy: The importance of a simple desire to know. Library & information science research, 38(1), 2-9.
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary educational psychology, 25(1), 54-67.
- Siangchokyoo, N., Klinger, R. L., & Campion, E. D. (2020). Follower transformation as the linchpin of transformational leadership theory: A systematic review and future research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 31(1).
- VandeWalle, D., & Cummings, L.L. (1997). A test of the influence of goal orientation on the feedbackseeking process. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82 No. 3, pp. 390-403.
- Yukl, G. (2009). Leading organizational learning: reflections on theory and research. The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 49-53.
- Yulianti, P., & Hamidah, N. (2018). Building employee engagement through transformational leadership, psychological empowerment and affective commitment. In Increasing Management Relevance and Competitiveness (pp. 121-125). CRC Press.
- Yulianti, P., & Sanjaya, R. (2018). Transformational Leadership style, team performance and team job satisfaction: Mediation by levels of cognitive trust and collective efficacy. In Increasing Management Relevance and Competitiveness (pp. 165-170). CRC Press.
References
Afsar, B., & Umrani, W. A. (2020). Transformational Leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of n, task complexity and innovation climate. European Journal of Innovation.
Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The leadership quarterly, 6(2), 199-218.
Boshier, R. (1976). Factor analysts at large: A critical review of the motivational orientation literature. Adult education, 27(1), 24-47.
Chandrasekara, W. S. (2019). The effect of transformational leadership style on employees Job satisfaction and job performance: A case of apparel manufacturing Industry in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 8(7), 385-393.
Chen, J. X., Sharma, P., Zhan, W., & Liu, L. (2019). Demystifying the impact of CEO transformational leadership on firm performance: Interactive roles of exploratory innovation and environmental uncertainty. Journal of Business Research, 96(1), 85-96.
Cook, D. A., & Artino Jr, A. R. (2016). Motivation to learn: an overview of contemporary theories. Medical education, 50(10), 997-1014.
Destianti, V., Fakhri, M., Madiawati, P. N., Nurnida, I., & Kurnia, B. (2021). The Effect of Job Stress and Job Motivation Toward Employee Performance in Department of Tourism and Culture Bandung. IEOM Society International, 5714-5723.
Ekhsan, M., & Setiawan, I. (2021). The Role of Motivation Mediation on the Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Performance. International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology, 1(1), 35-40.
Gibson, J. W., Tesone, D. V., & Buchalski, R. M. (2000). The leader as mentor. Journal of Leadership Studies, 7(3), 56-67.
Golden, J.H. III., & Shriner, M. (2017). Examining relationships between transformational leadership and employee creative performance: the moderator effects of organizational culture. The Journal of Creative Behavior, available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.216
Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1974). So you want to know your leadership style?. Training & Development Journal.
Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2008). School effectiveness. Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice, 299-308.
Ibrahim, M., Karollah, B., Juned, V., & Yunus, M. (2022). The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Work Motivation and Culture on Millennial Generation Employees Performance of the Manufacturing Industry in the Digital Era. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
Ismail, A., Sieng, L. L. C., Abdullah, M. M. B., & Francis, S. K. (2010). Linking supervisor’s role in training programs to motivation to learn as an antecedent of job performance. Intangible capital, 6(1), 1-25.
Kark, R., Van Dijk, D., & Vashdi, D. R. (2018). Motivated or demotivated to be creative: The role of self‐regulatory focus in transformational and transactional leadership processes. Applied Psychology, 67(1), 186-224.
Khaola, P. & Coldwell, D. (2019). Explaining how leadership and justice influence employee innovative behaviours. European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 193-212.
Leithwood, K. & Jantzi, D. (2006). Transformational school leadership for large-scale reform: effects on students, teachers, and their classroom practices. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 201-227.
Liu, Y. Y. (2020). The Relationship between Managerial Support and Job Training Satisfaction with the Mediation Effect of Learning Motivation (Doctoral dissertation, National Taiwan Normal University (Taiwan)).
Matsunaga, M. (2022). Uncertainty management, transformational leadership, and job performance in an AI-powered organizational context. Communication monographs, 89(1), 118-139.
Moeheriono. (2012). Competency-Based Performance Measurement. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada.
O'connor, A. B. (1982). Reasons nurses participate in self-study continuing education programs. Nursing Research, 31(6), 371-374.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. (2009). Organizational behavior. Pearson South Africa.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. (2012). Essentials of organizational behavior.
Ross, M., Perkins, H., & Bodey, K. (2016). Academic motivation and information literacy self-efficacy: The importance of a simple desire to know. Library & information science research, 38(1), 2-9.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary educational psychology, 25(1), 54-67.
Siangchokyoo, N., Klinger, R. L., & Campion, E. D. (2020). Follower transformation as the linchpin of transformational leadership theory: A systematic review and future research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 31(1).
VandeWalle, D., & Cummings, L.L. (1997). A test of the influence of goal orientation on the feedbackseeking process. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82 No. 3, pp. 390-403.
Yukl, G. (2009). Leading organizational learning: reflections on theory and research. The Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 49-53.
Yulianti, P., & Hamidah, N. (2018). Building employee engagement through transformational leadership, psychological empowerment and affective commitment. In Increasing Management Relevance and Competitiveness (pp. 121-125). CRC Press.
Yulianti, P., & Sanjaya, R. (2018). Transformational Leadership style, team performance and team job satisfaction: Mediation by levels of cognitive trust and collective efficacy. In Increasing Management Relevance and Competitiveness (pp. 165-170). CRC Press.