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Abstract
This study investigates the influence of Additional Employee Income (TPP) on work discipline and employee performance, both partially and simultaneously, at the Singkut District Office, Sarolangun Regency. The research is motivated by empirical findings indicating low levels of employee discipline and suboptimal public service performance, as reflected in frequent tardiness and delays in service delivery. This study employed a quantitative research design using a survey method, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to 68 civil servants (ASN) as the total population of the study. The data were analyzed using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to examine the effect of TPP on work discipline and employee performance. The analysis reveals that TPP has a significant positive effect on work discipline (69.3%) and employee performance (59.1%). Simultaneously, TPP contributes 33% to the improvement of work discipline and employee performance. These findings indicate that consistent, fair, and timely implementation of TPP policies can enhance employee motivation, strengthen work discipline, and improve public service performance in the public sector. These findings imply that policymakers should ensure the consistency and timeliness of TPP implementation and integrate financial incentives with supervision and performance evaluation mechanisms to strengthen discipline and public service performance in the public sector. This study provides important implications for policymakers in optimizing performance-based incentive systems within local government institutions. This study provides important implications for policymakers in optimizing performance-based incentive systems within local government institutions.
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References
- Akib, H., Hatimah, K., & Sakawati, H. (2023). The Effect of Providing Additional Employee Income on Employee Performance. Pinisi Journal of Education and Management, 2(1), 85–96.
- Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2023). Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (16th ed). Kogan Page.
- Ayu, D. K., & Sinaulan, J. H. (2018). Pengaruh Insentif dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Bintang Satoe Doea. Jurnal Ekonomi, 20(3), 373–382. https://doi.org/10.37721/JE.V20I3.484
- Boselie, P., Dietz, G., & Boon, C. (2005). Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research. Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), 67–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1748-8583.2005.TB00154.X;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER
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- Damo, G. A., Rasyid, A., & Ameliana, Y. (2025). Impact of Incentives and Work Discipline on Employee Performance. Advances: Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 3(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.60079/AJEB.V3I1.317
- Elamalki, D., Kaddar, A., & Beniich, N. (2024). Impact of motivation on the job performance of public sector employees: the case of Morocco. Future Business Journal 2024 10:1, 10(1), 53-. https://doi.org/10.1186/S43093-024-00342-4
- Fatimah, Tobari, Rahmawati, K., & Fitriah, W. (2025). E-Kinerja and Work Discipline on the Performance of Civil Servants Through Motivation as an Intervening Variable at the Regional Government Secretariat of Palembang City. Science Journal of Business and Management 2025, Volume 13, Page 35, 13(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.11648/J.SJBM.20251301.13
- Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2020). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bumi Aksara.
- Hasnawati, Adam, P., & Asraf. (2023). Peran Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai (TPP) dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Neraca: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 1(2), 239–256. https://doi.org/10.572349/NERACA.V1I2.144
- Irvana, S. Y., Amberi, M., & Yuliani, R. (2022). Analysis Of The Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai-Tpp (Additional Employee Income) On Employee Performance In The Government Of The City Of Banjarmasin (Vol. 20, Issue 2). Journal Administrasi Publik.
- Kadek, N., Agustini, I., Sagung, A. A., & Dewi, K. (2019). Pengaruh Kompensasi, Disiplin Kerja Dan Motivasi Terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan. E-Jurnal Manajemen, 8(1), 231–258. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2019.V08.I01.P09
- Kim, S. (2005). Individual-Level Factors and Organizational Performance in Government Organizations. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15(2), 245–261. https://doi.org/10.1093/JOPART/MUI013
- Lesmana, N. (2022). Influence Of Work Discipline, Education Level And Incentives On The Performance of Security Unit Members at PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, Batam Branch. Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) Peer Reviewed-International Journal, 6. https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR
- Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. (2020). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan. Remaja Rosdakarya.
- Musdah, E., Muhammad, & Rahman, I. (2021). Arajang : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Politik Efektivitas Pemberian Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai Bagi ASN di BKPSDM Kota Makassar. 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.31605/arajang.v4i1
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- Panrita, A. B., Abubakar, H., & Abduh, T. (2023). Efektivitas Penerapan Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai Berbasis Kinerja Pada Biro Pemerintahan dan Otonomi Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Indonesian Journal of Business and Managemente-ISSN:2460-3767p-ISSN:2656-6885.
- Perry, J. L., Hondeghem, A., & Wise, L. R. (2010). Revisiting the motivational bases of public service: Twenty years of research and an Agenda for the future. Public Administration Review, 70(5), 681–690. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-6210.2010.02196.X;REQUESTEDJOURNAL:JOURNAL:15406210
- Rakhman, B., Wijaya, I., Wahyuni, I., & Rakhman, M. I. (2021). Effectiveness of additional income for ASN at BKPSDMD Makassar City. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(S1), 795–809. https://doi.org/10.21744/LINGCURE.V5NS1.1464
- Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational behavior (18th edition) Perception & individual decisionmaking. 170–191.
- Sedarmayanti. (2017). Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia. Refika Aditama.
- Son, J., & Ok, C. (2019). Hangover follows extroverts: Extraversion as a moderator in the curvilinear relationship between newcomers’ organizational tenure and job satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110, 72–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JVB.2018.11.002
- Sriwahyuni, & Sadad, A. (2020). Pengaruh Kompensasi Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai (TPP) terhadap Kinerja Guru Sertifikasi Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri di Kota Pekanbaru. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 7(2), 1–12. https://jnse.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFSIP/article/view/28305
- Westerman, J. W., Rao, M. B., Vanka, S., & Gupta, M. (2020). Sustainable human resource management and the triple bottom line: Multi-stakeholder strategies, concepts, and engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 30(3), 100742. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HRMR.2020.100742
- Yogi, W., Permana, R., Kusumawijaya, I. K., Luh, N., & Antari, S. (2025). Motivation as a Mediator of Communication and Work Discipline on Employee Performance : A Study at Karangasem Hospital 1. In Online) Journal of Management and Business Innovations (Issue 01).
References
Akib, H., Hatimah, K., & Sakawati, H. (2023). The Effect of Providing Additional Employee Income on Employee Performance. Pinisi Journal of Education and Management, 2(1), 85–96.
Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2023). Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (16th ed). Kogan Page.
Ayu, D. K., & Sinaulan, J. H. (2018). Pengaruh Insentif dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Bintang Satoe Doea. Jurnal Ekonomi, 20(3), 373–382. https://doi.org/10.37721/JE.V20I3.484
Boselie, P., Dietz, G., & Boon, C. (2005). Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research. Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), 67–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1748-8583.2005.TB00154.X;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER
Ce, Z., Ab-Rahim, R., Siali, F., & Mokhtar, N. (2025). Employee Motivation and Job Performance of Non-Academic Staff in Chinese Universities. Societies 2025, Vol. 15, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/SOC15080227
Damo, G. A., Rasyid, A., & Ameliana, Y. (2025). Impact of Incentives and Work Discipline on Employee Performance. Advances: Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 3(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.60079/AJEB.V3I1.317
Elamalki, D., Kaddar, A., & Beniich, N. (2024). Impact of motivation on the job performance of public sector employees: the case of Morocco. Future Business Journal 2024 10:1, 10(1), 53-. https://doi.org/10.1186/S43093-024-00342-4
Fatimah, Tobari, Rahmawati, K., & Fitriah, W. (2025). E-Kinerja and Work Discipline on the Performance of Civil Servants Through Motivation as an Intervening Variable at the Regional Government Secretariat of Palembang City. Science Journal of Business and Management 2025, Volume 13, Page 35, 13(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.11648/J.SJBM.20251301.13
Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2020). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bumi Aksara.
Hasnawati, Adam, P., & Asraf. (2023). Peran Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai (TPP) dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Neraca: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 1(2), 239–256. https://doi.org/10.572349/NERACA.V1I2.144
Irvana, S. Y., Amberi, M., & Yuliani, R. (2022). Analysis Of The Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai-Tpp (Additional Employee Income) On Employee Performance In The Government Of The City Of Banjarmasin (Vol. 20, Issue 2). Journal Administrasi Publik.
Kadek, N., Agustini, I., Sagung, A. A., & Dewi, K. (2019). Pengaruh Kompensasi, Disiplin Kerja Dan Motivasi Terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan. E-Jurnal Manajemen, 8(1), 231–258. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2019.V08.I01.P09
Kim, S. (2005). Individual-Level Factors and Organizational Performance in Government Organizations. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15(2), 245–261. https://doi.org/10.1093/JOPART/MUI013
Lesmana, N. (2022). Influence Of Work Discipline, Education Level And Incentives On The Performance of Security Unit Members at PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, Batam Branch. Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) Peer Reviewed-International Journal, 6. https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR
Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. (2020). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Musdah, E., Muhammad, & Rahman, I. (2021). Arajang : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Politik Efektivitas Pemberian Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai Bagi ASN di BKPSDM Kota Makassar. 4(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.31605/arajang.v4i1
Nafi’ah, N. I. (2023). Improving Employee Performance Throughproviding Additional Employee Income And Workenvironment. International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology (IJMSIT)Vol. 3, No. 1, January – June 2023. E-ISSN: 2774-5694, P-ISSN:2776-7388DOI: Https://Doi.Org/10.35870/Ijmsit.V3i1.1050.
Panrita, A. B., Abubakar, H., & Abduh, T. (2023). Efektivitas Penerapan Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai Berbasis Kinerja Pada Biro Pemerintahan dan Otonomi Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Indonesian Journal of Business and Managemente-ISSN:2460-3767p-ISSN:2656-6885.
Perry, J. L., Hondeghem, A., & Wise, L. R. (2010). Revisiting the motivational bases of public service: Twenty years of research and an Agenda for the future. Public Administration Review, 70(5), 681–690. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-6210.2010.02196.X;REQUESTEDJOURNAL:JOURNAL:15406210
Rakhman, B., Wijaya, I., Wahyuni, I., & Rakhman, M. I. (2021). Effectiveness of additional income for ASN at BKPSDMD Makassar City. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(S1), 795–809. https://doi.org/10.21744/LINGCURE.V5NS1.1464
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2019). Organizational behavior (18th edition) Perception & individual decisionmaking. 170–191.
Sedarmayanti. (2017). Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia. Refika Aditama.
Son, J., & Ok, C. (2019). Hangover follows extroverts: Extraversion as a moderator in the curvilinear relationship between newcomers’ organizational tenure and job satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110, 72–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JVB.2018.11.002
Sriwahyuni, & Sadad, A. (2020). Pengaruh Kompensasi Tambahan Penghasilan Pegawai (TPP) terhadap Kinerja Guru Sertifikasi Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri di Kota Pekanbaru. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 7(2), 1–12. https://jnse.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFSIP/article/view/28305
Westerman, J. W., Rao, M. B., Vanka, S., & Gupta, M. (2020). Sustainable human resource management and the triple bottom line: Multi-stakeholder strategies, concepts, and engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 30(3), 100742. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HRMR.2020.100742
Yogi, W., Permana, R., Kusumawijaya, I. K., Luh, N., & Antari, S. (2025). Motivation as a Mediator of Communication and Work Discipline on Employee Performance : A Study at Karangasem Hospital 1. In Online) Journal of Management and Business Innovations (Issue 01).