Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the relationship between virtual communities variabel on consumer purchase decision with brand equity as mediating vaiable. The sample in this study was selected with the 100 respondent with Snowball sampling and data colletion with survey. This study uses the PLS method. Next is a hypothesis to test whether there is a relationship between virtual communities, brand equity, and purchasing decisions at PT. Hadji Kalla Toyota Makassar. The analytical tool used in this research is Partial Least Square (PLS). Research using WarpPLS 6.0 program. The result of this study state Virtual communities are established to significantly affect purchasing decisions; Virtual communities are proven to have a significant positive effect on brand equity; The Virtual Communities variable shows a solid and dominant influence on brand equity compared to other variables; This study has provided findings on the effect of Virtual Communities on purchasing decisions through brand equity. Virtual Communities will have a role in delivering information that can produce word of mouth and become a choice for prospective buyers to see reviews and the advantages of products. That can be a consideration for companies in developing their marketing strategies, especially in building customer loyalty to the brand.
Keywords
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References
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- Breugelmans, E., & Campo, K. (2016). Cross-Channel Effects of Price Promotions: An Empirical Analysis of the Multi-Channel Grocery Retail Sector. Journal of Retailing, 92(3), 333–351. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2016.02.003
- Clemente, J., Marcuello, C., Montañés, A., & Pueyo, F. (2004). On the international stability of health care expenditure functions: are government and private functions similar? Journal of Health Economics, 23(3), 589–613. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2003.08.007
- Dalman, M. D., Chatterjee, S., & Min, J. (2020). Negative word of mouth for a failed innovation from higher/lower equity brands: Moderating roles of opinion leadership and consumer testimonials. Journal of Business Research, 115, 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.041
- Deng, X., Gao, B., & Chen, L. (2020). Support while control: the influence of embeddedness on virtual community participation. Library Hi Tech, 38(3), 625–637. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-09-2018-0133
- Elsharnouby, M. H., Mohsen, J., Saeed, O. T., & Mahrous, A. A. (2021). Enhancing resilience to negative information in consumer-brand interaction: the mediating role of brand knowledge and involvement. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 15(4), 571–591. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-05-2020-0107
- F. Hair Jr, J., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & G. Kuppelwieser, V. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
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- Kaswengi, J., Diallo, M. F., Akrout, H., & Valette-Florence, P. (2020). Choosing high-equity cosmetic brands in bad macroeconomic conditions: evidence from panel data. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 48(4), 305–325. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-01-2019-0003
- Kaur, P., Dhir, A., Bodhi, R., Singh, T., & Almotairi, M. (2020). Why do people use and recommend m-wallets? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 56, 102091. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102091
- Kennedy, A.-M., Veer, E., & Kemper, J. A. (2022). Social marketing AS pedagogy. Journal of Social Marketing, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JSOCM-08-2021-0192
- Kim, H., Rhou, Y., Topcuoglu, E., & Kim, Y. G. (2020). Why hotel employees care about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Using need satisfaction theory. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102505. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102505
- Ko, C.-H., Wu, S.-C., & Chen, C.-Y. (2018). Novel and practical idea generation. International Journal of Innovation Science, 11(3), 325–343. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-10-2018-0101
- Kowalczyk, C. M., & Mitchell, N. A. (2022). Understanding the antecedents to luxury brand consumer behavior. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 31(3), 438–453. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-09-2020-3126
- Li, X., Cox, A., & Ford, N. (2017). Knowledge construction by users. Journal of Documentation, 73(2), 284–304. https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-05-2016-0060
- Liljedal, K. T., & Berg, H. (2020). Consumer responses to pictures of co-creating consumers in marketing communications. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 37(7), 775–784. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-12-2019-3544
- Lowe, B., & Johnson, D. (2017). Diagnostic and prescriptive benefits of consumer participation in virtual communities of personal challenge. European Journal of Marketing, 51(11/12), 1817–1835. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-05-2016-0271
- Lucassen, G., & Jansen, S. (2014). Gamification in Consumer Marketing - Future or Fallacy? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, 194–202. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.034
- Ma, L., & Sun, B. (2020). Machine learning and AI in marketing – Connecting computing power to human insights. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 37(3), 481–504. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2020.04.005
- Martín, M., Jiménez-Martín, A., & Mateos, A. (2019). A numerical analysis of allocation strategies for the multi-armed bandit problem under delayed rewards conditions in digital campaign management. Neurocomputing, 363, 99–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.06.052
- Mashur, R., Muhammad, H., Ansir, L., AHP, K. P. A. H. P., & Shandra, B. (2020). Antecedents and consequence of brand management: empirical study of Apple’s brand product. In Journal of Asia Business Studies: Vol. ahead-of-p (Issue ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-01-2019-0030
- Mbilima, F. (2021). Extractive industries and local sustainable development in Zambia: The case of corporate social responsibility of selected metal mines. Resources Policy, 74, 101441. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101441
- Pathak, X., & Pathak-Shelat, M. (2017). Sentiment analysis of virtual brand communities for effective tribal marketing. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 11(1), 16–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-09-2015-0069
- Preiksaitis, K. D., & Dacin, P. A. (2021). Consumer responses to strategic customer extensions. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 30(2), 244–261. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-08-2019-2515
- Strübel, J., & Sklar, M. (2022). Fred Perry: Polos for All. In C. T. Conner (Ed.), Subcultures (Vol. 54, pp. 73–90). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0163-239620220000054005
- Tiago, M. T. P. M. B., & Veríssimo, J. M. C. (2014). Digital marketing and social media: Why bother? Business Horizons, 57(6), 703–708. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2014.07.002
- van Heerden, D., & Wiese, M. (2021). Why do consumers engage in online brand communities – and why should brands care? Journal of Consumer Marketing, 38(4), 353–363. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-04-2020-3739
- Vredeveld, A. J. (2018). Emotional intelligence, external emotional connections and brand attachment. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 27(5), 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-10-2017-1613
- Wen, N., & Guo, W. (2021). “Toxic friends”? The farther away, the less stressful: the impact of social distance to a dissociative group on consumer choices. European Journal of Marketing, 55(3), 925–943. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-11-2018-0818
- Zhang, M., Wang, Y., & Olya, H. (2022). Shaping Social Media Analytics in the Pursuit of Organisational Agility: A Real Options Theory Perspective. Tourism Management, 88, 104415. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104415
- Zollo, L., Filieri, R., Rialti, R., & Yoon, S. (2020). Unpacking the relationship between social media marketing and brand equity: The mediating role of consumers’ benefits and experience. Journal of Business Research, 117(May), 256–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.001
References
Amoncar, N. (2020). Entrepreneurial marketing and digital political communication – a citizen-led perspective on the role of social media in political discourse. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 22(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRME-12-2018-0066
Ancillai, C., Terho, H., Cardinali, S., & Pascucci, F. (2019). Advancing social media driven sales research: Establishing conceptual foundations for B-to-B social selling. Industrial Marketing Management, 82, 293–308. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.01.002
Antonacci, G., Fronzetti Colladon, A., Stefanini, A., & Gloor, P. (2017). It is rotating leaders who build the swarm: social network determinants of growth for healthcare virtual communities of practice. Journal of Knowledge Management, 21(5), 1218–1239. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2016-0504
Arasu, B. S., Seelan, B. J. B., & Thamaraiselvan, N. (2020). A machine learning-based approach to enhancing social media marketing. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 86, 106723. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106723
Bazi, S., Filieri, R., & Gorton, M. (2020). Customers’ motivation to engage with luxury brands on social media. Journal of Business Research, 112(March), 223–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.02.032
Bharadwaj, N., & Shipley, G. M. (2020). Salesperson communication effectiveness in a digital sales interaction11The authors benefitted from helpful comments from: our anonymous reviewers, session participants at the 3rd Annual Industrial Marketing Management Summit at the Fox School of Business. Industrial Marketing Management, 90, 106–112. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.07.002
Breugelmans, E., & Campo, K. (2016). Cross-Channel Effects of Price Promotions: An Empirical Analysis of the Multi-Channel Grocery Retail Sector. Journal of Retailing, 92(3), 333–351. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2016.02.003
Clemente, J., Marcuello, C., Montañés, A., & Pueyo, F. (2004). On the international stability of health care expenditure functions: are government and private functions similar? Journal of Health Economics, 23(3), 589–613. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2003.08.007
Dalman, M. D., Chatterjee, S., & Min, J. (2020). Negative word of mouth for a failed innovation from higher/lower equity brands: Moderating roles of opinion leadership and consumer testimonials. Journal of Business Research, 115, 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.041
Deng, X., Gao, B., & Chen, L. (2020). Support while control: the influence of embeddedness on virtual community participation. Library Hi Tech, 38(3), 625–637. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-09-2018-0133
Elsharnouby, M. H., Mohsen, J., Saeed, O. T., & Mahrous, A. A. (2021). Enhancing resilience to negative information in consumer-brand interaction: the mediating role of brand knowledge and involvement. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 15(4), 571–591. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-05-2020-0107
F. Hair Jr, J., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & G. Kuppelwieser, V. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
Festa, G., Cuomo, M. T., Metallo, G., & Festa, A. (2016). The (r)evolution of wine marketing mix: From the 4Ps to the 4Es. Journal of Business Research, 69(5), 1550–1555. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.015
Hollebeek, L. D., Juric, B., & Tang, W. (2017). Virtual brand community engagement practices: a refined typology and model. Journal of Services Marketing, 31(3), 204–217. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-01-2016-0006
Jiang, Y., Liao, J., Chen, J., Hu, Y., & Du, P. (2021). Motivation for users’ knowledge-sharing behavior in virtual brand communities: a psychological ownership perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-06-2021-0436
Joseph F. Hair, Jr., G.Tomas M. Hult, Christian M. Ringle, M. S. rstedt. (2013). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. In Long Range Planning (Vol. 46, Issues 1–2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.002
Kaswengi, J., Diallo, M. F., Akrout, H., & Valette-Florence, P. (2020). Choosing high-equity cosmetic brands in bad macroeconomic conditions: evidence from panel data. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 48(4), 305–325. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-01-2019-0003
Kaur, P., Dhir, A., Bodhi, R., Singh, T., & Almotairi, M. (2020). Why do people use and recommend m-wallets? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 56, 102091. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102091
Kennedy, A.-M., Veer, E., & Kemper, J. A. (2022). Social marketing AS pedagogy. Journal of Social Marketing, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JSOCM-08-2021-0192
Kim, H., Rhou, Y., Topcuoglu, E., & Kim, Y. G. (2020). Why hotel employees care about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Using need satisfaction theory. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102505. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102505
Ko, C.-H., Wu, S.-C., & Chen, C.-Y. (2018). Novel and practical idea generation. International Journal of Innovation Science, 11(3), 325–343. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-10-2018-0101
Kowalczyk, C. M., & Mitchell, N. A. (2022). Understanding the antecedents to luxury brand consumer behavior. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 31(3), 438–453. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-09-2020-3126
Li, X., Cox, A., & Ford, N. (2017). Knowledge construction by users. Journal of Documentation, 73(2), 284–304. https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-05-2016-0060
Liljedal, K. T., & Berg, H. (2020). Consumer responses to pictures of co-creating consumers in marketing communications. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 37(7), 775–784. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-12-2019-3544
Lowe, B., & Johnson, D. (2017). Diagnostic and prescriptive benefits of consumer participation in virtual communities of personal challenge. European Journal of Marketing, 51(11/12), 1817–1835. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-05-2016-0271
Lucassen, G., & Jansen, S. (2014). Gamification in Consumer Marketing - Future or Fallacy? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 148, 194–202. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.034
Ma, L., & Sun, B. (2020). Machine learning and AI in marketing – Connecting computing power to human insights. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 37(3), 481–504. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2020.04.005
Martín, M., Jiménez-Martín, A., & Mateos, A. (2019). A numerical analysis of allocation strategies for the multi-armed bandit problem under delayed rewards conditions in digital campaign management. Neurocomputing, 363, 99–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.06.052
Mashur, R., Muhammad, H., Ansir, L., AHP, K. P. A. H. P., & Shandra, B. (2020). Antecedents and consequence of brand management: empirical study of Apple’s brand product. In Journal of Asia Business Studies: Vol. ahead-of-p (Issue ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-01-2019-0030
Mbilima, F. (2021). Extractive industries and local sustainable development in Zambia: The case of corporate social responsibility of selected metal mines. Resources Policy, 74, 101441. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101441
Pathak, X., & Pathak-Shelat, M. (2017). Sentiment analysis of virtual brand communities for effective tribal marketing. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 11(1), 16–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-09-2015-0069
Preiksaitis, K. D., & Dacin, P. A. (2021). Consumer responses to strategic customer extensions. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 30(2), 244–261. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-08-2019-2515
Strübel, J., & Sklar, M. (2022). Fred Perry: Polos for All. In C. T. Conner (Ed.), Subcultures (Vol. 54, pp. 73–90). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0163-239620220000054005
Tiago, M. T. P. M. B., & Veríssimo, J. M. C. (2014). Digital marketing and social media: Why bother? Business Horizons, 57(6), 703–708. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2014.07.002
van Heerden, D., & Wiese, M. (2021). Why do consumers engage in online brand communities – and why should brands care? Journal of Consumer Marketing, 38(4), 353–363. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-04-2020-3739
Vredeveld, A. J. (2018). Emotional intelligence, external emotional connections and brand attachment. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 27(5), 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-10-2017-1613
Wen, N., & Guo, W. (2021). “Toxic friends”? The farther away, the less stressful: the impact of social distance to a dissociative group on consumer choices. European Journal of Marketing, 55(3), 925–943. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-11-2018-0818
Zhang, M., Wang, Y., & Olya, H. (2022). Shaping Social Media Analytics in the Pursuit of Organisational Agility: A Real Options Theory Perspective. Tourism Management, 88, 104415. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104415
Zollo, L., Filieri, R., Rialti, R., & Yoon, S. (2020). Unpacking the relationship between social media marketing and brand equity: The mediating role of consumers’ benefits and experience. Journal of Business Research, 117(May), 256–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.001