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Abstract
This study aims to determine the pattern of oil palm marketing channels, the number of costs and marketing margins obtained by each marketing agency, as well as the efficiency of oil palm marketing channels. The respondents were 34 information, consisting of 30 oil palm farmers and traders collecting oil palm FFB in Tommo District. Marketing of oil palm FFB is carried out using the snowball sampling method. The results of this study indicate that there are three marketing channels formed. Namely: Marketing channel I, namely Farmers sell directly to palm oil mills, Marketing channel II, namely sales through farmer groups then sold to palm oil mills, Marketing Channel III, namely Farmers selling to collector traders then sold to palm oil mills, highest marketing costs is in the channel I. The costs incurred in this marketing channel are transportation costs of Rp. 11.36/Kg of FFB, labor costs of Rp. 21.88/Kg of FFB, retribution costs of Rp. 7.71/Kg of FFB. Marketing Channel shows that marketing channel I is an efficient channel. With a margin value of 4.07 percent and a farmer's share of 95.92 percent, the production volume is 32.78 tons or 24.45 percent. Farmer share for the selling price of FFB is the highest farmer share because farmers directly sell their harvest to the factory.
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References
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References
Adams, E. L., Caccavale, L. J., Smith, D., & Bean, M. K. (2020). Food insecurity, the home food environment, and parent feeding practices in the era of COVID‐19. Obesity, 28(11), 2056–2063. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22996
Bintu, B. P., Hajjagana, L., Falmata, A. S., Modu, S., & Shettima, Y. (2015). Studies on the evaluation of the nutritional quality, chemical composition and rheological characteristics of a cereal fortified with legume as a weaning food blend. International Journal of Biotechnology and Food Science, 3(1), 1–9.
Bowling, A. B., Moretti, M., Ringelheim, K., Tran, A., & Davison, K. (2016). Healthy foods, healthy families: Combining incentives and exposure interventions at urban farmers’ markets to improve nutrition among recipients of US federal food assistance. Health Promotion Perspectives, 6(1), 10-16. https://dx.doi.org/10.15171%2Fhpp.2016.02
Carson, R. A., Hamel, Z., Giarrocco, K., Baylor, R., & Mathews, L. G. (2016). Buying in: the influence of interactions at farmers’ markets. Agriculture and Human Values, 33(4), 861–875.
Cummins, S., & Macintyre, S. (2006). Food environments and obesity—neighbourhood or nation? International Journal of Epidemiology, 35(1), 100–104. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyi276
Dandajena, G. (2013). Factors associated with chronic malnutrition in Mazowe district, Mashonaland Central province, 2012.
Figueroa-Rodríguez, K. A., Álvarez-Ávila, M. del C., Hernández Castillo, F., Schwentesius Rindermann, R., & Figueroa-Sandoval, B. (2019). Farmers’ market actors, dynamics, and attributes: A bibliometric study. Sustainability, 11(3), 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030745
Fust, P., & Schlecht, E. (2018). Integrating spatio-temporal variation in resource availability and herbivore movements into rangeland management: RaMDry—An agent-based model on livestock feeding ecology in a dynamic, heterogeneous, semi-arid environment. Ecological Modelling, 369, 13–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.10.017
Ghazali, M., Honar, T., & Nikoo, M. R. (2018). A hybrid TOPSIS-agent-based framework for reducing the water demand requested by stakeholders with considering the agents’ characteristics and optimization of cropping pattern. Agricultural Water Management, 199, 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.12.014
Gustafson, A., Hankins, S., & Jilcott, S. (2012). Measures of the consumer food store environment: a systematic review of the evidence 2000–2011. Journal of Community Health, 37(4), 897–911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-011-9524-x
Haji, J., & Andersson, H. (2006). Determinants of efficiency of vegetable production in smallholder farms: The case of Ethiopia. Acta Agriculturae Scand Section C, 3(3–4), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/16507540601127714
Holben, D. (2010). Position of the American Dietetic Association: food insecurity in the United States. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(9), 1368–1377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.015
Joassart-Marcelli, P., & Bosco, F. J. (2017). Alternative food and gentrification: Farmers’ markets, community gardens and the transformation of urban neighborhoods. In Just green enough (pp. 92–106). Routledge.
Kelly, B., Flood, V. M., & Yeatman, H. (2011). Measuring local food environments: an overview of available methods and measures. Health & Place, 17(6), 1284–1293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.08.014
Ling, C., & Newman, L. L. (2011). Untangling the food web: farm-to-market distances in British Columbia, Canada. Local Environment, 16(8), 807–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2010.539602
Lucan, S. C., Maroko, A. R., Sanon, O., Frias, R., & Schechter, C. B. (2015). Urban farmers’ markets: Accessibility, offerings, and produce variety, quality, and price compared to nearby stores. Appetite, 90, 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.034
Mack, G., & Huber, R. (2017). On-farm compliance costs and N surplus reduction of mixed dairy farms under grassland-based feeding systems. Agricultural Systems, 154, 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2017.03.003
McKinnon, R. A., Reedy, J., Morrissette, M. A., Lytle, L. A., & Yaroch, A. L. (2009). Measures of the food environment: a compilation of the literature, 1990–2007. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(4), S124–S133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.012
Messner, R., Richards, C., & Johnson, H. (2020). The “Prevention Paradox”: food waste prevention and the quandary of systemic surplus production. Agriculture and Human Values, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-019-10014-7
Moen, P., Kelly, E. L., Tranby, E., & Huang, Q. (2011). Changing work, changing health: can real work-time flexibility promote health behaviors and well-being? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(4), 404–429. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F0022146511418979
Morozink, J. A., Friedman, E. M., Coe, C. L., & Ryff, C. D. (2010). Socioeconomic and psychosocial predictors of interleukin-6 in the MIDUS national sample. Health Psychology, 29(6), 626. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021360
Nyambo, P., Cornelius, C., & Araya, T. (2020). Carbon dioxide fluxes and carbon stocks under conservation agricultural practices in South Africa. Agriculture, 10(9), 374. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10090374
O’Hara, J. K., & Shideler, D. (2018). Do farmers’ markets boost Main Street? Direct-to-consumer agricultural production impacts on the food retail sector. Journal of Food Distribution Research, 49(856-2019–3185), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.292174
Oudendag, D., Hoogendoorn, M., & Jongeneel, R. (2014). Agent-based modeling of farming behavior: a case study for milk quota abolishment. International Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07455-9_2
Saxe-Custack, A., LaChance, J., Hanna-Attisha, M., & Ceja, T. (2019). Fruit and vegetable prescriptions for pediatric patients living in Flint, Michigan: a cross-sectional study of food security and dietary patterns at baseline. Nutrients, 11(6), 1423. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061423
Schilling, C., Kaye-Blake, W., Post, E., & Rains, S. (2012). The importance of farmer behaviour: an application of Desktop MAS, a multi-agent system model for rural New Zealand communities.
Schultz, D. J., Shanks, C. B., & Houghtaling, B. (2015). The impact of the 2009 special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children food package revisions on participants: a systematic review. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115(11), 1832–1846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.381
Sumberg, J. (2005). Systems of innovation theory and the changing architecture of agricultural research in Africa. Food Policy, 30(1), 21–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2004.11.001
Ursu, A.-V., Marcati, A., Sayd, T., Sante-Lhoutellier, V., Djelveh, G., & Michaud, P. (2014). Extraction, fractionation and functional properties of proteins from the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Bioresource Technology, 157, 134–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.071