Main Article Content
Abstract
The culinary industry in Indonesia continues to grow, with restaurants serving regional specialties such as Ambon cuisine. Building and maintaining long-term customer relationships has become an essential strategy for enhancing loyalty and business sustainability. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on customer retention in Ambon specialty restaurants. The research method employed is a literature study with a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings indicate that effective CRM implementation can enhance customer retention through service personalization, loyalty programs, and continuous communication. CRM components such as personalized service, effective communication, and loyalty programs have been proven to increase customer satisfaction and the likelihood of repeat purchase. The study concludes that consistently implemented CRM strategies can be a key factor in retaining customers and improving restaurants' competitiveness.
Keywords
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References
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- APJII. (2022). Laporan survei internet APJII 2022. Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia.
- Arnould, E. J., & Price, L. L. (1993). River magic: Extraordinary experience and the extended service encounter. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(1), 24–45. https://doi.org/10.1086/209331
- Bansal, J. (2024). Artificial intelligence in customer relationship management: Opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations. Journal of Business Analytics and Technology, 9(1), 45–60.
- Berry, L. L., Carbone, L. P., & Haeckel, S. H. (2002). Managing the total customer experience. MIT Sloan Management Review, 43(3), 85–89.
- Buttle, F. (2009). Customer relationship management: Concepts and technologies (2nd ed.). Routledge.
- Buttle, F., & Maklan, S. (2019). Customer relationship management: Concepts and technologies (3rd ed.). Routledge.
- Carranza, R., Díaz, E., & Martín-Consuegra, D. (2018). The influence of quality on satisfaction and customer loyalty with an importance–performance map analysis: Exploring the mediating role of trust. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(3), 380–396. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2017-0104
- Chalmeta, R. (2006). Methodology for customer relationship management. Journal of Systems and Software, 79(7), 1015–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2005.10.018
- Cohen, E. (1988). Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(3), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(88)90028-X
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
- Day, G. S. (2003). Creating a superior customer-relating capability. MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(3), 77–82.
- Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer loyalty: Toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070394222001
- Fill, C., & Turnbull, S. (2016). Marketing communications: Discovery, creation, and conversations (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
- Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management, 29(3), 403–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.07.017
- Greenberg, P. (2010). CRM at the speed of light: Social CRM strategies, tools, and techniques for engaging your customers (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Grönroos, C. (1994). From marketing mix to relationship marketing: Towards a paradigm shift in marketing. Management Decision, 32(2), 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749410054774
- Grönroos, C. (2007). Service management and marketing: Customer management in service competition (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
- Hapsari, R., Clemes, M. D., & Dean, D. (2017). The impact of service quality, customer engagement, and selected marketing constructs on airline passenger loyalty. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 9(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-07-2016-0048
- Harrigan, P., Ramsey, E., & Ibbotson, P. (2011). Critical factors underpinning the e-CRM activities of SMEs. Journal of Marketing Management, 27(5–6), 503–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2010.495281
- Hasan, M., & Priyono, A. (2023). Artificial intelligence integration in customer relationship management systems and its impact on operational efficiency. Journal of Business and Technology Management, 8(2), 115–128.
- Hitu, R., & Pattimura, L. (2023). Customer relationship management practices in micro-scale culinary businesses in Ambon. Journal of Culinary Business and Tourism, 5(2), 45–58.
- Hofstede, G. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Holbrook, M. B., & Hirschman, E. C. (1982). The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(2), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1086/208906
- Huang, M. H., & Lin, K. Y. (2005). The influence of organizational factors on CRM implementation. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 105(4), 520–533. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570510592331
- Kandampully, J., Zhang, T., & Bilgihan, A. (2018). Customer loyalty: A review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2017-0135
- Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
- Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1996). The balanced scorecard: Translating strategy into action. Harvard Business School Press.
- Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management (15th ed.). Pearson.
- Kotter, J. P. (2012). Leading change. Harvard Business Review Press.
- Krishna, A. (2012). An integrative review of sensory marketing: Engaging the senses to affect perception, judgment, and behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(3), 332–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2011.08.003
- Kumar, V., & Reinartz, W. (2018). Customer relationship management: Concept, strategy, and tools (3rd ed.). Springer.
- Kuo, Y. F., Wu, C. M., & Deng, W. J. (2009). The relationships among service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and post-purchase intention in mobile value-added services. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(4), 887–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.03.003
- Liu, Y. (2007). The long-term impact of loyalty programs on consumer purchase behavior and loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 71(4), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.4.19
- Maharani, R. (2023). Creative media design for promoting Ambon culinary heritage through bullet journal visualization. Journal of Visual Communication Design, 12(2), 87–98.
- McDavid, J. C., Huse, I., & Hawthorn, L. R. (2018). Program evaluation and performance measurement: An introduction to practice (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
- Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment–trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800302
- Muniz, A. M., & O'Guinn, T. C. (2001). Brand community. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(4), 412–432. https://doi.org/10.1086/319618
- Ngai, E. W. T., Xiu, L., & Chau, D. C. K. (2009). Application of data mining techniques in customer relationship management: A literature review and classification. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(2), 2592–2602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.02.021
- Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700405
- Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(Special Issue), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634s105
- Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12–40.
- Parmenter, D. (2015). Key performance indicators: Developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs (3rd ed.). Wiley.
- Parvatiyar, A., & Sheth, J. N. (2001). Customer relationship management: Emerging practice, process, and discipline. Journal of Economic and Social Research, 3(2), 1–34.
- Payne, A., & Frow, P. (2005). A strategic framework for customer relationship management. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.2005.69.4.167
- Peppers, D., & Rogers, M. (2017). Managing customer relationships: A strategic framework (3rd ed.). Wiley.
- Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review, 76(4), 97–105.
- Putra, I. N. G., & Astawa, I. G. (2017). Traditional food consumption and healthy lifestyle trends in Indonesian culinary culture. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies, 5(3), 163–170.
- Reichheld, F. F. (2003). The one number you need to grow. Harvard Business Review, 81(12), 46–55.
- Reinartz, W., & Kumar, V. (2003). The impact of customer relationship characteristics on profitable lifetime duration. Journal of Marketing, 67(1), 77–99. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.67.1.77.18589
- Reinartz, W., Krafft, M., & Hoyer, W. D. (2004). The customer relationship management process: Its measurement and impact on performance. Journal of Marketing Research, 41(3), 293–305. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.41.3.293.35991
- Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
- Rumapea, N., & Banunaek, F. (2023). Comparative study of regional culinary characteristics in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Cultural Studies, 15(1), 55–67.
- Sahubawa, L., & Ustadi. (2014). Utilization of marine resources and traditional fish-based cuisine in Maluku. Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal, 20(2), 95–103.
- Sari, M. I., & Priyanto, S. H. (2020). Customer relationship management implementation in the food and beverage sector. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 6(3), 112–121.
- Schiffman, L. G., & Wisenblit, J. (2015). Consumer behavior (11th ed.). Pearson Education.
- Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential marketing: How to get customers to sense, feel, think, act, and relate to your company and brands. Free Press.
- Setyowati, E., & Hakim, L. (2019). Customer loyalty and relationship marketing in food and beverage MSMEs. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business, 7(1), 45–53.
- Sharp, B., & Sharp, A. (1997). Loyalty programs and their impact on repeat-purchase loyalty patterns. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 14(5), 473–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8116(97)00022-0
- Sulek, J. M., & Hensley, R. L. (2004). The relative importance of food, atmosphere, and fairness of wait: The case of a full-service restaurant. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 45(3), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010880404265345
- Susskind, A. M., Kacmar, K. M., & Borchgrevink, C. P. (2018). Customer service management in hospitality: The role of relationship marketing in restaurant performance. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 59(2), 123–134.
- Thomson, M., MacInnis, D. J., & Park, C. W. (2005). The ties that bind: Measuring the strength of consumers' emotional attachments to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(1), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1501_10
- Trainor, K. J., Andzulis, J. M., Rapp, A., & Agnihotri, R. (2014). Social media technology usage and customer relationship performance: A capabilities-based examination of social CRM. Journal of Business Research, 67(6), 1201–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.05.002
- Trainor, K. J., Andzulis, J. M., Rapp, A., & Agnihotri, R. (2014). Social media technology usage and customer relationship performance. Journal of Business Research, 67(6), 1201–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.05.002
- Tuhumury, M. (2018). Culinary identity and cultural tourism development in Ambon City. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Heritage, 6(1), 34–44.
- Venkatesan, R., & Kumar, V. (2004). A customer lifetime value framework for customer selection and resource allocation strategy. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 106–125. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.4.106.42728
- Walker, R. H. (2019). The restaurant: From concept to operation (8th ed.). Wiley.
- Wamba, S. F., Gunasekaran, A., Akter, S., Ren, S. J. F., Dubey, R., & Childe, S. J. (2020). Big data analytics and firm performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 165, 234–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.12.031
- Wang, Y., Lo, H. P., Chi, R., & Yang, Y. (2010). An integrated framework for CRM performance measurement. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(4), 479–489.
- Yasa, N. N. K., & Susanti, N. W. A. (2018). The role of product differentiation in enhancing customer loyalty in culinary tourism. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 16(5), 245–257.
- Zablah, A. R., Bellenger, D. N., & Johnston, W. J. (2004). An evaluation of divergent perspectives on CRM. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(6), 475–489.
- Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., & Gremler, D. D. (2020). Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
References
Alavi, M., & Leidner, D. E. (2001). Review: Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly, 25(1), 107–136. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250961
Alirone, S., Pinoa, W. S., & Tetelepta, E. (2025). Culinary tourism and coastal community economic development: A case study of grilled fish culinary tourism in Ambon. Journal of Coastal Tourism and Local Economy, 4(1), 45–58.
APJII. (2022). Laporan survei internet APJII 2022. Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia.
Arnould, E. J., & Price, L. L. (1993). River magic: Extraordinary experience and the extended service encounter. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(1), 24–45. https://doi.org/10.1086/209331
Bansal, J. (2024). Artificial intelligence in customer relationship management: Opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations. Journal of Business Analytics and Technology, 9(1), 45–60.
Berry, L. L., Carbone, L. P., & Haeckel, S. H. (2002). Managing the total customer experience. MIT Sloan Management Review, 43(3), 85–89.
Buttle, F. (2009). Customer relationship management: Concepts and technologies (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Buttle, F., & Maklan, S. (2019). Customer relationship management: Concepts and technologies (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Carranza, R., Díaz, E., & Martín-Consuegra, D. (2018). The influence of quality on satisfaction and customer loyalty with an importance–performance map analysis: Exploring the mediating role of trust. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(3), 380–396. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2017-0104
Chalmeta, R. (2006). Methodology for customer relationship management. Journal of Systems and Software, 79(7), 1015–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2005.10.018
Cohen, E. (1988). Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(3), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(88)90028-X
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Day, G. S. (2003). Creating a superior customer-relating capability. MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(3), 77–82.
Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer loyalty: Toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070394222001
Fill, C., & Turnbull, S. (2016). Marketing communications: Discovery, creation, and conversations (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management, 29(3), 403–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.07.017
Greenberg, P. (2010). CRM at the speed of light: Social CRM strategies, tools, and techniques for engaging your customers (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Grönroos, C. (1994). From marketing mix to relationship marketing: Towards a paradigm shift in marketing. Management Decision, 32(2), 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749410054774
Grönroos, C. (2007). Service management and marketing: Customer management in service competition (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Hapsari, R., Clemes, M. D., & Dean, D. (2017). The impact of service quality, customer engagement, and selected marketing constructs on airline passenger loyalty. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 9(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-07-2016-0048
Harrigan, P., Ramsey, E., & Ibbotson, P. (2011). Critical factors underpinning the e-CRM activities of SMEs. Journal of Marketing Management, 27(5–6), 503–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2010.495281
Hasan, M., & Priyono, A. (2023). Artificial intelligence integration in customer relationship management systems and its impact on operational efficiency. Journal of Business and Technology Management, 8(2), 115–128.
Hitu, R., & Pattimura, L. (2023). Customer relationship management practices in micro-scale culinary businesses in Ambon. Journal of Culinary Business and Tourism, 5(2), 45–58.
Hofstede, G. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Holbrook, M. B., & Hirschman, E. C. (1982). The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(2), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1086/208906
Huang, M. H., & Lin, K. Y. (2005). The influence of organizational factors on CRM implementation. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 105(4), 520–533. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570510592331
Kandampully, J., Zhang, T., & Bilgihan, A. (2018). Customer loyalty: A review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2017-0135
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1996). The balanced scorecard: Translating strategy into action. Harvard Business School Press.
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management (15th ed.). Pearson.
Kotter, J. P. (2012). Leading change. Harvard Business Review Press.
Krishna, A. (2012). An integrative review of sensory marketing: Engaging the senses to affect perception, judgment, and behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(3), 332–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2011.08.003
Kumar, V., & Reinartz, W. (2018). Customer relationship management: Concept, strategy, and tools (3rd ed.). Springer.
Kuo, Y. F., Wu, C. M., & Deng, W. J. (2009). The relationships among service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and post-purchase intention in mobile value-added services. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(4), 887–896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.03.003
Liu, Y. (2007). The long-term impact of loyalty programs on consumer purchase behavior and loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 71(4), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.4.19
Maharani, R. (2023). Creative media design for promoting Ambon culinary heritage through bullet journal visualization. Journal of Visual Communication Design, 12(2), 87–98.
McDavid, J. C., Huse, I., & Hawthorn, L. R. (2018). Program evaluation and performance measurement: An introduction to practice (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment–trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800302
Muniz, A. M., & O'Guinn, T. C. (2001). Brand community. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(4), 412–432. https://doi.org/10.1086/319618
Ngai, E. W. T., Xiu, L., & Chau, D. C. K. (2009). Application of data mining techniques in customer relationship management: A literature review and classification. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(2), 2592–2602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.02.021
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700405
Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(Special Issue), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634s105
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12–40.
Parmenter, D. (2015). Key performance indicators: Developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs (3rd ed.). Wiley.
Parvatiyar, A., & Sheth, J. N. (2001). Customer relationship management: Emerging practice, process, and discipline. Journal of Economic and Social Research, 3(2), 1–34.
Payne, A., & Frow, P. (2005). A strategic framework for customer relationship management. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.2005.69.4.167
Peppers, D., & Rogers, M. (2017). Managing customer relationships: A strategic framework (3rd ed.). Wiley.
Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review, 76(4), 97–105.
Putra, I. N. G., & Astawa, I. G. (2017). Traditional food consumption and healthy lifestyle trends in Indonesian culinary culture. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies, 5(3), 163–170.
Reichheld, F. F. (2003). The one number you need to grow. Harvard Business Review, 81(12), 46–55.
Reinartz, W., & Kumar, V. (2003). The impact of customer relationship characteristics on profitable lifetime duration. Journal of Marketing, 67(1), 77–99. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.67.1.77.18589
Reinartz, W., Krafft, M., & Hoyer, W. D. (2004). The customer relationship management process: Its measurement and impact on performance. Journal of Marketing Research, 41(3), 293–305. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.41.3.293.35991
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
Rumapea, N., & Banunaek, F. (2023). Comparative study of regional culinary characteristics in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Cultural Studies, 15(1), 55–67.
Sahubawa, L., & Ustadi. (2014). Utilization of marine resources and traditional fish-based cuisine in Maluku. Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal, 20(2), 95–103.
Sari, M. I., & Priyanto, S. H. (2020). Customer relationship management implementation in the food and beverage sector. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 6(3), 112–121.
Schiffman, L. G., & Wisenblit, J. (2015). Consumer behavior (11th ed.). Pearson Education.
Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential marketing: How to get customers to sense, feel, think, act, and relate to your company and brands. Free Press.
Setyowati, E., & Hakim, L. (2019). Customer loyalty and relationship marketing in food and beverage MSMEs. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business, 7(1), 45–53.
Sharp, B., & Sharp, A. (1997). Loyalty programs and their impact on repeat-purchase loyalty patterns. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 14(5), 473–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8116(97)00022-0
Sulek, J. M., & Hensley, R. L. (2004). The relative importance of food, atmosphere, and fairness of wait: The case of a full-service restaurant. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 45(3), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010880404265345
Susskind, A. M., Kacmar, K. M., & Borchgrevink, C. P. (2018). Customer service management in hospitality: The role of relationship marketing in restaurant performance. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 59(2), 123–134.
Thomson, M., MacInnis, D. J., & Park, C. W. (2005). The ties that bind: Measuring the strength of consumers' emotional attachments to brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(1), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1501_10
Trainor, K. J., Andzulis, J. M., Rapp, A., & Agnihotri, R. (2014). Social media technology usage and customer relationship performance: A capabilities-based examination of social CRM. Journal of Business Research, 67(6), 1201–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.05.002
Trainor, K. J., Andzulis, J. M., Rapp, A., & Agnihotri, R. (2014). Social media technology usage and customer relationship performance. Journal of Business Research, 67(6), 1201–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.05.002
Tuhumury, M. (2018). Culinary identity and cultural tourism development in Ambon City. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Heritage, 6(1), 34–44.
Venkatesan, R., & Kumar, V. (2004). A customer lifetime value framework for customer selection and resource allocation strategy. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 106–125. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.4.106.42728
Walker, R. H. (2019). The restaurant: From concept to operation (8th ed.). Wiley.
Wamba, S. F., Gunasekaran, A., Akter, S., Ren, S. J. F., Dubey, R., & Childe, S. J. (2020). Big data analytics and firm performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 165, 234–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.12.031
Wang, Y., Lo, H. P., Chi, R., & Yang, Y. (2010). An integrated framework for CRM performance measurement. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(4), 479–489.
Yasa, N. N. K., & Susanti, N. W. A. (2018). The role of product differentiation in enhancing customer loyalty in culinary tourism. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 16(5), 245–257.
Zablah, A. R., Bellenger, D. N., & Johnston, W. J. (2004). An evaluation of divergent perspectives on CRM. Industrial Marketing Management, 33(6), 475–489.
Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., & Gremler, D. D. (2020). Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.