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Abstract

Maritime transportation plays a vital role in global trade and economic connectivity, particularly in archipelagic countries such as Indonesia. Despite advances in navigation technology, safety regulation, and seafarer certification, human and organizational factors remain recurrent concerns in maritime accidents. This study synthesizes how maritime safety education can be managed to reduce human-error risk through a structured integrative literature review and qualitative content analysis. The revised evidence base comprises 37 retained sources, including 31 peer-reviewed journal articles and six official or professional documents covering international and Indonesian regulation, accident investigations, and recognized maritime practice. Because the study relies on secondary evidence and does not test primary quantitative data, the relationships in the proposed model are treated as conceptual propositions rather than empirically established causal effects. Across heterogeneous evidence, fatigue, limited situational awareness, ineffective communication, inadequate training, and weak safety culture recur as interrelated risk themes. The synthesis organizes maritime safety education through interconnected planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling functions, supported by competency-based curriculum design, qualified instructor development, simulator-supported experiential learning, Bridge Resource Management and Engine Room Resource Management, continuous competency assessment, and feedback from accidents and near-miss reports. The proposed adaptive and learner-centered model positions seafarer competence and safety culture as two linked pathways through which integrated education management may reduce human-error risk. The model provides a conceptual basis for empirical validation and for continuous improvement by maritime education institutions, shipping companies, and regulators.

Keywords

Education Management Human Error Maritime Safety Seafarer Competence STCW

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Sarifuddin, S., & Pramukty, R. (2026). Maritime Safety Education Management for Reducing Human-Error Risk on Board Ships: An Integrative Literature Review. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 6(2), 627–647. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v6i2.2573
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