Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the role of community-based accountability and social accounting practices in enhancing community welfare through local community organizations in Indonesia. It aims to explain how transparent governance, community participation, responsiveness, social-impact measurement, and public reporting contribute to inclusive and sustainable welfare outcomes. The study employs a qualitative literature review by synthesizing peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and institutional reports concerning nonprofit accountability, village institutions, community organizations, social accounting, and welfare development. The selected literature was analyzed thematically to identify recurring concepts, empirical patterns, institutional challenges, and emerging research directions. The results show that community-based accountability improves organizational legitimacy and program relevance when it extends beyond administrative compliance and enables beneficiaries to influence planning, monitoring, evaluation, and corrective action. Social accounting strengthens this process by connecting financial resources and organizational activities with outcomes such as livelihood improvement, service accessibility, empowerment, social inclusion, trust, and social cohesion. The principal finding is that accountability and social accounting function most effectively as complementary mechanisms rather than independent practices. Their contribution to welfare depends on managerial competence, accessible information, meaningful participation, digital capacity, and institutional responsiveness. The study highlights the need for participatory, context-sensitive, and digitally supported accountability systems within Indonesian local organizations.
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References
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- Acintya, A., Matilal, S., Smith, S., & Goncharenko, G. (2026). Co-producing NGO accountability accounts with beneficiaries: Evidence from Indonesia. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 39(5), 776–803. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-08-2024-7309
- Agyemang, G., O’Dwyer, B., & Unerman, J. (2019). NGO accountability: Retrospective and prospective academic contributions. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 32(8), 2353–2366. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-06-2018-3507
- Banerjee, A., Carlsson-Wall, M., & Nordqvist, M. (2024). Hybrid board governance: Exploring the challenges in implementing social impact measurements. The British Accounting Review, 56(5), Article 101359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2024.101359
- Cavicchi, C., & Vagnoni, E. (2023). Digital information systems in support of accountability: The case of a welfare provision non-governmental organisation. The British Accounting Review, 55(5), Article 101112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2022.101112
- Cordery, C. J., Belal, A. R., & Thomson, I. (2019). NGO accounting and accountability: Past, present and future. Accounting Forum, 43(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01559982.2019.1593577
- Cordery, C. J., Goncharenko, G., Polzer, T., McConville, D., & Belal, A. (2023). NGOs’ performance, governance, and accountability in the era of digital transformation. The British Accounting Review, 55(5), Article 101239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2023.101239
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- Utomo, U. W., Sudrajat, & Dewi, F. G. (2022). The effect of village fund management accountability and village policy on community welfare. Arkus, 8(1), 210–221. https://doi.org/10.37275/arkus.v8i1.173
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References
Acintya, A., Goncharenko, G., Smith, S., & Matilal, S. (2025). A networked perspective on NGO accountability in the digital realm. The British Accounting Review, Article 101740. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2025.101740
Acintya, A., Matilal, S., Smith, S., & Goncharenko, G. (2026). Co-producing NGO accountability accounts with beneficiaries: Evidence from Indonesia. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 39(5), 776–803. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-08-2024-7309
Agyemang, G., O’Dwyer, B., & Unerman, J. (2019). NGO accountability: Retrospective and prospective academic contributions. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 32(8), 2353–2366. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-06-2018-3507
Banerjee, A., Carlsson-Wall, M., & Nordqvist, M. (2024). Hybrid board governance: Exploring the challenges in implementing social impact measurements. The British Accounting Review, 56(5), Article 101359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2024.101359
Cavicchi, C., & Vagnoni, E. (2023). Digital information systems in support of accountability: The case of a welfare provision non-governmental organisation. The British Accounting Review, 55(5), Article 101112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2022.101112
Cordery, C. J., Belal, A. R., & Thomson, I. (2019). NGO accounting and accountability: Past, present and future. Accounting Forum, 43(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01559982.2019.1593577
Cordery, C. J., Goncharenko, G., Polzer, T., McConville, D., & Belal, A. (2023). NGOs’ performance, governance, and accountability in the era of digital transformation. The British Accounting Review, 55(5), Article 101239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2023.101239
Dewi, M. K., Manochin, M., & Belal, A. (2021). Towards a conceptual framework of beneficiary accountability by NGOs: An Indonesian case study. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 80, Article 102130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2019.102130
Fauzi, N., Cicalarici, C., & Rosita, I. (2023). Accountability mechanism in village-owned financial institutions: A case study on communal-based financial institutions in West Sumatra. Economics, Business, Accounting & Society Review, 2(3), 230–240. https://doi.org/10.55980/ebasr.v2i3.117
Goddard, A. (2021). Accountability and accounting in the NGO field comprising the UK and Africa: A Bordieusian analysis. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 78, Article 102200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2020.102200
Grossi, G., Laguecir, A., Ferry, L., & Tucker, B. (2024). Accounting and accountability for managing diversity tensions in hybrid organisations. The British Accounting Review, 56(5), Article 101470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2024.101470
Hall, M., & O’Dwyer, B. (2017). Accounting, non-governmental organizations and civil society: The importance of nonprofit organizations to understanding accounting, organizations and society. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 63, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2017.11.001
Handley, K. L. (2025). Accountability and social impact evaluation in a small NPO: Stakeholder ambiguity, networks and trust. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 38(9), 239–264. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-07-2023-6547
Harinurdin, E., Laksmono, B. S., Kusumastuti, R., & Safitri, K. A. (2025). Community empowerment utilizing open innovation as a sustainable village-owned enterprise strategy in Indonesia: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 17(8), Article 3394. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083394
Kingston, K. L., Luke, B., & Vinnari, E. (2025). Understanding beneficiary evaluative capacity within nonprofit organisations through an immanent perspective. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 38(2), 643–673. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-02-2024-6906
Laine, M. (2024). Accounting, reporting and verification of impact: Implications for sustainability: A commentary on Adams et al. (2023) “Styles of verification and the pursuit of organisational repair: The case of social impact.” Accounting, Organizations and Society, 113, Article 101540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2023.101540
Noble, E., Moinul, D., Khairy Djim Sylla, O., Friedmann, S., Amick, K., Rowhani, N., Dua, R., Mannan, N., Seaman, C., Ayo, O., Pant, S., Osoko, O., Gogineni, S., Malburg, C., Dickey, C., & Peprah, E. (2025). Downward accountability mechanism effectiveness by non-governmental organizations in low- and middle-income countries: A qualitative systematic review. PLOS ONE, 20(5), Article e0324098. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324098
Permatasari, P., Ilman, A. S., Tilt, C. A., Lestari, D., Islam, S., Tenrini, R. H., Rahman, A. B., Samosir, A. P., & Wardhana, I. W. (2021). The Village Fund Program in Indonesia: Measuring the effectiveness and alignment to Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability, 13(21), Article 12294. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112294
Rahman, M. (2023). Downward accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh: Theoretical issues and empirical investigation. Journal of Developing Societies, 39(3), 347–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X231183893
Sriyono, Soeprapto, A., & Nugroho, S. P. (2023). Accounting for community welfare: Uncovering the limitations of BUMDes governance in Indonesia. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Advance Research in Social and Economic Science (ICARSE 2022) (pp. 47–55). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-048-0_6
Tobing-David, V. E., Adi, I. R., & Nuryana, M. (2024). Conditions of sustainable welfare: A cross-case empirical analysis of 22 locality-based welfare systems in decentralised Indonesia. Sustainability, 16(4), Article 1629. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16041629
Urquía-Grande, E., Pérez-Estébanez, R., & Alcaraz-Quiles, F. J. (2022). Impact of non-profit organizations’ accountability: Empirical evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo. World Development Perspectives, 28, Article 100462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2022.100462
Utomo, U. W., Sudrajat, & Dewi, F. G. (2022). The effect of village fund management accountability and village policy on community welfare. Arkus, 8(1), 210–221. https://doi.org/10.37275/arkus.v8i1.173
World Bank. (n.d.). Community and local development.
World Bank. (2020). Indonesian village governance under the new Village Law (2015–2018): Sentinel villages report (Report No. AUS0001377). Social Development Unit.
Yuhertiana, I., Indah Kirana, N. W., Hardjatie, S., Tannar, O., Wati, S. F. A., Edo, K., & Suryaningrum, D. H. (2025). Enhancing accountability and governance in local communities through ISAK 335 financial systems. Engagement: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 9(2), 584–607. https://doi.org/10.29062/engagement.v9i2.1978