Main Article Content
Abstract
The application of technology in public services has become an essential topic in various discussions on service efficiency and quality. However, in Indonesia, the implementation of technology in the public sector still faces multiple challenges that need to be further analyzed. This research aims to explore the role of technology in improving the quality of public services in Indonesia, focusing on e-government, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI), as well as the supporting factors that influence its success. The method used in this research is a literature review, which reviews various previous studies on the application of technology in the public sector in Indonesia and developed countries. Technologies such as e-government, big data analytics, and AI have been proven to improve the efficiency and transparency of public services in developed countries. However, in Indonesia, the implementation still faces obstacles, such as low digital literacy among employees and the public and resistance to change. Factors that support technology implementation include digital literacy, organizational readiness, and pro-digitalization government policies. The implementation of digital technology has great potential to improve the quality of public services in Indonesia. However, existing challenges must be overcome, especially regarding infrastructure, digital literacy, and supportive policies. Improving digital literacy and organizational readiness are key to successful digital transformation in the public sector.
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References
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- Anderson, J., & Rainie, L. (2020). The Role of Technology in Improving Public Sector Performance. Pew Research Center.
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- Brown, T., Green, L., & Cooper, M. (2019). Organizational Readiness for Digital Transformation in Public Administration. Public Management Review, 21(2), 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1480246
- Chourabi, H., Nam, T., & Heeks, R. (2012). Understanding the Role of E-Government in Public Administration Reform: A Comparative Perspective. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4), 587–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2012.03.005
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- Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
- Dwivedi, Y. K., Rana, N. P., & Janssen, M. (2020). Exploring the Impact of Digital Transformation in Public Administration. Government Information Quarterly, 37(3), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101108
- Dwivedi, Y. K., et al. (2023). Impact of Technology on Public Services: A Global Perspective.
- Gordijn, B., Tan, Y., & Goss, D. (2020). Digital Transformation and the Public Sector: A Global Perspective. Oxford University Press.
- Grönroos, C. (1984). A Service Quality Model and Its Marketing Implications. European Journal of Marketing, 18(4), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004784
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- Jansen, A., van den Bosch, A., & Molenaar, P. (2020). Technology and Governance: E-Government in Emerging Economies. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36975-4
- Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing Management (15th ed.). Pearson Education.
- Li, X., Zhao, Z., & Hu, R. (2022). Digital Transformation in Public Sector Organizations: Drivers and Challenges. Journal of Digital Government, 18(1), 34–47.
- Liu, J., & Lin, S. (2022). Enhancing Service Quality in Public Administration Through Digital Innovations. Public Policy and Administration Review, 30(2), 120–135.
- Mergel, I. (2019). Agile Government: Practices, Processes, and Public Sector Transformation. Oxford University Press.
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- Mergel, I., Edelmann, N., & Haug, N. (2019). Defining Digital Transformation: Results from Expert Interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.002
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- Paryanto, & Hidayati, S. (2021). Big Data and AI in Indonesian E-Government: Progress and Challenges. Journal of Public Administration, 9(1), 67–79.
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- Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
- Setiawan, M., & Aryanto, A. (2020). Penerapan Teknologi Digital dalam Pelayanan Publik di Indonesia: Tantangan dan Peluang. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi, 15(2), 88–99.
- Smith, A., Jones, B., & Williams, R. (2023). Bridging the Digital Divide: Community Education for Equitable Service Delivery. Digital Policy Journal, 14(2), 78–95.
- Susanto, H. (2022). Challenges in Adopting Digital Technology in Public Service Delivery in Indonesia.
- Susanto, T., & Aryanto, R. (2021). Challenges of Digital Governance in Indonesia. Journal of Public Administration.
- Ting, Y., & Chou, P. (2018). Organizational Readiness and the Adoption of Technology Innovations in Public Service Delivery. Public Performance & Management Review, 41(3), 479–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2017.1403333
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- Wirtz, B. W., & Langer, M. (2020). Digital Transformation and the Public Sector: Trends, Issues, and Solutions. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40174-4
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References
Alshehri, M., & Drew, S. (2010). Implementation of e-government: Advantages and challenges. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications.
Anderson, J., & Rainie, L. (2020). The Role of Technology in Improving Public Sector Performance. Pew Research Center.
Brinkerhoff, D. W., & Brinkerhoff, J. M. (2015). Public Sector Management Reform in Developing Countries: Perspectives Beyond NPM Orthodoxy. Public Administration and Development, 35(4), 222–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1739
Brown, T., Green, L., & Cooper, M. (2019). Organizational Readiness for Digital Transformation in Public Administration. Public Management Review, 21(2), 195–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1480246
Chourabi, H., Nam, T., & Heeks, R. (2012). Understanding the Role of E-Government in Public Administration Reform: A Comparative Perspective. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4), 587–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2012.03.005
Choudrie, J., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2021). Bridging the Digital Divide in Developing Countries. Telecommunications Policy, 45(8), 102–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.102122
Choudrie, J., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2021). Digital Transformation and Public Sector Trust: Implications for E-Government. Government Information Quarterly, 38(3), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101116
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Dwivedi, Y. K., Rana, N. P., & Janssen, M. (2020). Exploring the Impact of Digital Transformation in Public Administration. Government Information Quarterly, 37(3), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101108
Dwivedi, Y. K., et al. (2023). Impact of Technology on Public Services: A Global Perspective.
Gordijn, B., Tan, Y., & Goss, D. (2020). Digital Transformation and the Public Sector: A Global Perspective. Oxford University Press.
Grönroos, C. (1984). A Service Quality Model and Its Marketing Implications. European Journal of Marketing, 18(4), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004784
Heeks, R. (2018). Digital Government: Technology and Public Sector Performance. Routledge.
Heeks, R. (2018). Digital Government for Development. E-Government and Development Research Center.
Janssen, M., Charalabidis, Y., & Zuiderwijk, A. (2015). Benefits, Adoption Barriers, and Myths of Open Data and Open Government. Information Systems Management, 32(4), 258–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2015.1080744
Jansen, A., van den Bosch, A., & Molenaar, P. (2020). Technology and Governance: E-Government in Emerging Economies. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36975-4
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing Management (15th ed.). Pearson Education.
Li, X., Zhao, Z., & Hu, R. (2022). Digital Transformation in Public Sector Organizations: Drivers and Challenges. Journal of Digital Government, 18(1), 34–47.
Liu, J., & Lin, S. (2022). Enhancing Service Quality in Public Administration Through Digital Innovations. Public Policy and Administration Review, 30(2), 120–135.
Mergel, I. (2019). Agile Government: Practices, Processes, and Public Sector Transformation. Oxford University Press.
Mergel, I. (2019). Digital Transformation of Government. Public Administration Review, 79(5), 725–735. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13102
Mergel, I., Edelmann, N., & Haug, N. (2019). Defining Digital Transformation: Results from Expert Interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.002
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150499
Osborne, S. P., Radnor, Z., & Nasi, G. (2013). A New Theory for Public Service Management? Toward a (Public) Service-Dominant Approach. American Review of Public Administration, 43(2), 135–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074012466935
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12–40.
Paryanto, & Hidayati, S. (2021). Big Data and AI in Indonesian E-Government: Progress and Challenges. Journal of Public Administration, 9(1), 67–79.
Rahman, R., et al. (2021). Digital Literacy and Its Impact on Public Sector Transformation in Developing Countries.
Rana, N. P., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Williams, M. D. (2015). E-Government Adoption Research. Information Systems Frontiers, 17(3), 559–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-013-9435-z
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
Setiawan, M., & Aryanto, A. (2020). Penerapan Teknologi Digital dalam Pelayanan Publik di Indonesia: Tantangan dan Peluang. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi, 15(2), 88–99.
Smith, A., Jones, B., & Williams, R. (2023). Bridging the Digital Divide: Community Education for Equitable Service Delivery. Digital Policy Journal, 14(2), 78–95.
Susanto, H. (2022). Challenges in Adopting Digital Technology in Public Service Delivery in Indonesia.
Susanto, T., & Aryanto, R. (2021). Challenges of Digital Governance in Indonesia. Journal of Public Administration.
Ting, Y., & Chou, P. (2018). Organizational Readiness and the Adoption of Technology Innovations in Public Service Delivery. Public Performance & Management Review, 41(3), 479–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2017.1403333
West, D. M. (2018). Digital Government: Technology and Public Sector Performance. Brookings Institution Press.
Wirtz, B. W., & Langer, M. (2020). Digital Transformation and the Public Sector: Trends, Issues, and Solutions. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40174-4
Zhang, T. (2020). Infrastructure Readiness for E-Government: A Systematic Review. Electronic Journal of E-Government, 18(1), 22–37.