Main Article Content
Abstract
Regenerative tourism is increasingly being promoted as a pathway to achieving sustainable and inclusive tourism performance, but its performance outcomes may depend on how visitors interact with local culture and culinary heritage. This study examines whether regenerative tourism practices directly improve tourism performance at Cangkuang Temple and whether this relationship operates through cultural intelligence and culinary experiences as mediating mechanisms and/or is reinforced through their moderating effects. A quantitative design was used with SEM-PLS (SmartPLS) to test the proposed relationships. Data were collected in 2024 from 385 tourists visiting Cangkuang Temple, Garut Regency, Indonesia, using purposive sampling and a 5-point Likert questionnaire. Results indicate that regenerative tourism practices do not significantly affect tourism performance directly, but improve tourism performance indirectly through higher cultural intelligence and enhanced culinary experiences. Furthermore, cultural intelligence strengthens the relationship between regenerative tourism practices and tourism performance, while the moderating effect of gastronomic experiences is not supported. These findings highlight that cultural learning and authentic local culinary encounters are critical levers for transforming regenerative initiatives into better destination performance. Practically, destination managers should integrate cultural interpretation and local gastronomy into regenerative tourism programmes to enhance tourist satisfaction and overall tourism performance.
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References
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- Orea-Giner, A., & Alonso-Muñoz, S. (2022). Regenerative gastronomy in tourism: Integrating food heritage and sustainability. Journal of Gastronomy and Tourism, 7(2), 123–139.
- Ortega-Pérez, M., López-Guzmán, T., & Medina-Viruel, M. J. (2025). The mediating role of gastronomic experiences with s in World Heritage Sites. Heritage, 8(7), 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8070254
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- Rini, D. A., Rahman, S., & Susanto, H. (2021). The tourism industry and inclusive economic growth in developing countries. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies, 8(2), 45–58.
- Şahin, A., & Kılıçlar, A. (2023). The effect of tourists’ gastronomic experience on emotional and cognitive evaluation. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(2), 595–612. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-07-2021-0171
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- Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Thipsing, R., Boonratana, R., & Phommachanh, S. (2022). Tourism and sustainable livelihoods: An ASEAN perspective. Asian Journal of Tourism Research, 7(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.12982/AJTR.2022.0004
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- Zaman, S. (2024). Regenerative tourism and community well-being: Integrating culture and environment. Sustainability, 16(8), 3455. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083455
References
Abdoli, S., Hossain, M., & Rahman, T. (2021). Cultural intelligence and sustainable tourism behaviour: Evidence from developing destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(8), 1321–1342. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1890217
Adruce, S. A. M., Hanafiah, M. H., & Jamaluddin, M. R. (2021). The impact of crisis on the tourism industry: A conceptual review. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management, 6(26), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.35631/JTHEM.626001
Afsar, B., Badir, Y., & Khan, M. M. (2019). Cultural intelligence, transformational leadership, and employee voice behaviour: A cross-cultural study in the hospitality sector. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 81, 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.03.008
Alshiha, M. (2022). Gastronomy experience and tourist satisfaction: The role of local culture. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 20(7), 924–940. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2022.2094821
Bal, M., & Kökalan, Ö. (2022). Emotional and cultural intelligence as predictors of job satisfaction: A cross-cultural examination. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 90, 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.03.007
Bellato, M., Alvarez, M., & Ortega, J. (2025). Strategies for the promotion of regenerative tourism: Hospitality cases s in Aves de la Sierra, Spain. Administrative Sciences, 15(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15010010
Bob, M., & Iwan, L. (2019). Regenerative tourism through community engagement: Lessons from Southeast Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(5), 513–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1580412
Caputo, A., Ayoko, O. B., & Amoo, N. (2018). The moderating role of cultural intelligence in the relationship between cultural orientations and conflict management styles. Journal of Business Research, 89, 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.03.042
Cave, J., Dredge, D., & Mathisen, L. (2022). Leadership and regenerative tourism: Building a new paradigm for sustainable development. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(12), 2543–2560. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1981145
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modelling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295–336). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Darvishmotevali, M., Altinay, L., & De Vita, G. (2018). Emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence in predicting job performance and creativity. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 73, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.01.003
Dixit, S., & Prayag, G. (2022). Gastronomy and destination branding: A cross-cultural analysis of culinary experiences. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(4), 412–429. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2532
Dredge, D., Miedes-Ugarte, I., & Salem, A. (2022). Regenerative tourism: Theory, practice, and implications for sustainability. Tourism Recreation Research, 47(5), 596–610. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1989056
Frías-Jamilena, D. M., Sánchez, J. A., & López-Moreno, L. (2018). The effect of cultural intelligence on consumer-based destination brand equity. Tourism Management, 65, 317–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.10.011
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2019). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modelling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hossain, M. D., Soonsan, S., & Sukhabot, J. (2024). Gastronomy and its role in tourism: How authentic culinary experiences contribute to the local economy and sustainable tourism. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy, 12(2), 49–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtg.2023.11.004
Hui, Y., Wong, K., & Liu, S. (2023). Metaverse-based regenerative tourism: Enhancing cultural empathy through immersive experience. Tourism Management Perspectives, 45, 101067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101067
Inversini, A., Rehman, M., & Alvarez, M. D. (2024). Regenerative hospitality: Redefining hotel management in the Anthropocene. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 112, 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.103115
Kadam, R., Charoensukmongkol, P., & Ratasuk, A. (2019). Cultural intelligence and business performance: The mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13(3), 302–319. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-05-2019-0034
Lauria, M. (2022). Cultural intelligence and regenerative tourism experience: Integrating culture, empathy, and sustainability. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 22(2), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358421104357
Li, S., Wu, J., & Xiong, Y. (2021). Cultural intelligence and sustainable innovation in tourism firms: Evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123654
Li, X., Wang, Y., & Song, H. (2022). Gastronomic experiences and revisit intentions: Evidence from heritage destinations. Tourism Management, 93, 104589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104589
Miedes-Ugarte, I., Aznar, J. P., & Baños, J. F. (2024). Regenerative tourism: From sustainable development to ecosystem restoration. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 32(5), 783–801. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2023.2294366
Munawar, M., Yusuf, N., & Kamil, S. (2021). Environmental awareness and emotional satisfaction in ecotourism experience. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(3), 351–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1820109
Orea-Giner, A., & Alonso-Muñoz, S. (2022). Regenerative gastronomy in tourism: Integrating food heritage and sustainability. Journal of Gastronomy and Tourism, 7(2), 123–139.
Ortega-Pérez, M., López-Guzmán, T., & Medina-Viruel, M. J. (2025). The mediating role of gastronomic experiences with s in World Heritage Sites. Heritage, 8(7), 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8070254
Pratt, S., Suntikul, W., & Agyeiwaah, E. (2020). Determining the attributes of gastronomic tourism experience: Applying impact-range performance and asymmetry analyses. International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(5), 564–581. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2356
Richards, G. (2021). Gastronomy and tourism: From food to experience. Tourism Geographies, 23(4), 701–724. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1857061
Rini, D. A., Rahman, S., & Susanto, H. (2021). The tourism industry and inclusive economic growth in developing countries. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies, 8(2), 45–58.
Şahin, A., & Kılıçlar, A. (2023). The effect of tourists’ gastronomic experience on emotional and cognitive evaluation. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(2), 595–612. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-07-2021-0171
Saldana, J. (2009). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE Publications.
Salem, A., Dredge, D., & Hales, R. (2025). Regenerative tourism: A paradigm shift for post-growth destination development. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 23(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2025.2345119
Seyitoğlu, F., & Ivanov, S. (2020). Culinary tourism as an innovative strategy for sustainable tourism development. Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, 7(2), 110–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.02.009
Soonsan, N., Phongpanichanan, C., & Kim, J. (2023). Gastronomic experience and destination loyalty: Mediating role of satisfaction. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 28(4), 412–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2023.2211204
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Thipsing, R., Boonratana, R., & Phommachanh, S. (2022). Tourism and sustainable livelihoods: An ASEAN perspective. Asian Journal of Tourism Research, 7(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.12982/AJTR.2022.0004
Van Vien, T., Nguyen, T. H., & Tran, L. (2024). Cultural and social factors influencing tourist revisit intentions in Southeast Asia. Current Issues in Tourism, 27(9), 1338–1354. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2168897
World Travel & Tourism Council. (2018). Travel & Tourism: Economic Impact 2018—World. WTTC. https://wttc.org
Xu, Y., Zhang, H., & Luo, Y. (2024). Cultural proximity and destination loyalty: Evidence from Asian heritage sites. Annals of Tourism Research, 104, 103529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2023.103529
Zaman, S. (2024). Regenerative tourism and community well-being: Integrating culture and environment. Sustainability, 16(8), 3455. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083455