Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper examines the significance of training in fostering sustainable workforce development and enhancing organizational performance. In contemporary organizational contexts, sustainability extends beyond environmental concerns to include the long-term viability of human capital. Training and development play a critical role in reducing employee disengagement, improving work performance, and strengthening organizational competitiveness. This study explores relevant theoretical frameworks, empirical evidence, and organizational practices to demonstrate how training contributes to employee adaptability, engagement, innovation, and alignment with sustainability objectives. Furthermore, the paper highlights the role of continuous learning in building a resilient and future-ready workforce. The findings suggest that sustainability-oriented training programs not only enhance individual competencies but also improve overall organizational effectiveness and brand value. The study concludes by recommending the strategic integration of sustainability-focused training initiatives to support long-term organizational growth and workforce sustainability.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Abeba, M. A. (2015). The impact of training and development on employee performance and effectiveness: A case study of District Five Administration Office. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 188–202.
- Aisyah Chusnul Jurnalita, N. F. N., & Darmastuti, I. (2024). The role of employee training and development in supporting sustainable economic growth in Indonesia: Literature review. Research Horizon, 4(6), 176.
- Akinyele, S. (2007). The impact of training on employees. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 34–40.
- Aldridge, E. (n.d.). Leadership training for employees: What are the benefits? https://educate360.com/blog/leadership-training-for-employees/
- Allianz Partners. (n.d.). Sustainable global HRM practices. https://www.allianzcare.com/en/employers/business-hub/hr-blogs/sustainable-global-hrm-practices.html
- Alp Consulting Ltd. (n.d.). What is employee training & development? https://alp.consulting/what-is-employee-training-anddevlopment/
- Alba-Ramirez, A., & Blazquez, M. (2003). Types of job match, over education and labour mobility in Spain. In F. Buchel, A. Grip, & A. Mertens (Eds.), Overeducation in Europe (pp. 65–92). Edward Elgar.
- Anggito, A., & Setiawan, J. (2018). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. CV Jejak.
- Anwar, G., & Abdullah, N. N. (2015). The impact of training and development on job satisfaction: A case study of private banks in Erbil. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 65.
- Armstrong, M. (2015). Řízení lidských zdrojů. Grada.
- Bae, S.-O., & Patterson, L. (2013). The effect of corporate investment in human capital on employee performance: Major Korean financial corporations examined. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 12(2), 57.
- Ballot, G., Fakhfakh, F., & Taymaz, E. (2006). Who benefits from training and R&D, the firm or the workers? British Journal of Industrial Relations, 44, 473–495.
- Bartel, A. (2000). Measuring the employer’s return on investments in training: Evidence from the literature. Industrial Relations, 39(3).
- Becker, G. S. (1962). Investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 70(5).
- Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education. National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Becker, G. S. (1975). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Berge, Z. V. (2002). The increasing scope of training and development competency. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 9.
- Bishop, J. (1994). The impact of previous training in schools and on jobs on productivity, required OJT, and turnover of new hires. In L. Lynch (Ed.), Private sector and skill formation: International comparisons (pp. 161–200). University of Chicago Press.
- Black, S., & Lynch, L. (1995). Beyond the incidence of training: Evidence from a national employers' survey. NBER Working Papers, 5231.
- Campbell, J. P. (1971). Personnel training and development. Annual Review of Psychology, 22(1), 565–602. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.22.020171.003025
- Daniëls, E. M. (2021). Leadership training and organizational learning climate: Measuring influences based on a field experiment in education. International Journal of Training and Development, 43–59.
- Dearden, L., Reed, H., & Van Reenen, J. (2006). The impact of training on productivity and wages: Evidence from British panel data. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 68(4), 397–421.
- Dewey, A., & Drahota, A. (2016). Introduction to systematic reviews: Online learning module. Cochrane Training. https://training.cochrane.org/interactivelearning/module-1-introduction-conducting-systematic-reviews
- Dierdorff, E. C., & Ellington, J. K. (2017). Team training. In Workplace training & employee development (p. 383). Cambridge University Press.
- Docebo. (2025). Employee training. https://www.docebo.com/learning-network/blog/employee-training/
- Elnaga, A., & Imran, A. (2013). The effect of training on employee performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 2222–2839.
- Fegade, T., & Sharma, P. (2023). Exploring the impact of employee training and development on organizational efficiency and effectiveness: A systematic literature review. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 25(4), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2504015663
- Gupta, D. (2025). 14 types of employee training programs (+benefits, examples).
- Handa-Oakley, B. (n.d.). What is soft-skill training and why is it essential? https://www.retorio.com/blog/what-soft-skill-training
- Investopedia. (2025). Understanding human capital theory: Importance and application. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032715/what-human-capital-and-how-it-used.asp
- Kanu, R. (2015). Methods of training and development. Innovative Journal of Business and Management, 35–41.
- Keenan, M. (2023). What is organizational learning theory? https://www.workramp.com/blog/what-is-organizational-learning-theory
- Kingdon, K. S. (n.d.). Introduction. In W. Handley (Ed.), Industrial safety handbook (p. 4).
- Kuhlman, T., & Farrington, J. (2010). What is sustainability? Sustainability, 2(11), 3436–3448.
- Longnecker, C., & Fink, L. (2005). Management training: Benefits and lost opportunities. Industrial and Commercial Training, 25–30.
- Milhem, W., Abushamsieh, K., & Pérez Aróstegui, M. N. (2014). Training strategies, theories, and types. Journal of Accounting – Business & Management, 21(1), 12–26.
- Ogohi, D. C. (2018). Effects of training on organizational performance. Asian Journal of Business and Management, 21–28.
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). The business case for safety.
- Ross, S. (2025). Understanding human capital theory. Investopedia.
- Schultz, M. (n.d.). What is sales training? https://www.rainsalestraining.com/blog/what-is-sales-training
- Smart Training Software. (2024). Digitalize your employee training program in 6 easy steps. https://smartraining.online/digitalize-your-employee-training-program-in-6-easy-steps/
- Spiceworks. (2020). What is employee training? https://www.spiceworks.com/hr/learning-development/articles/what-is-employee-training/
- Sweetland, S. R. (1996). Human capital theory: Foundations of a field of inquiry. American Educational Research Journal, 66(3), 341.
- Tenney, M. (n.d.). What is employee sustainability? https://peoplethriver.com/what-is-employee-sustainability/
- Verhaest, D., & Omey, E. (2004). The impact of overeducation and its measurement. Ghent University.
- WalkMe. (2025). Team training: Types & practical examples. https://www.walkme.com/blog/team-training/
References
Abeba, M. A. (2015). The impact of training and development on employee performance and effectiveness: A case study of District Five Administration Office. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 188–202.
Aisyah Chusnul Jurnalita, N. F. N., & Darmastuti, I. (2024). The role of employee training and development in supporting sustainable economic growth in Indonesia: Literature review. Research Horizon, 4(6), 176.
Akinyele, S. (2007). The impact of training on employees. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 34–40.
Aldridge, E. (n.d.). Leadership training for employees: What are the benefits? https://educate360.com/blog/leadership-training-for-employees/
Allianz Partners. (n.d.). Sustainable global HRM practices. https://www.allianzcare.com/en/employers/business-hub/hr-blogs/sustainable-global-hrm-practices.html
Alp Consulting Ltd. (n.d.). What is employee training & development? https://alp.consulting/what-is-employee-training-anddevlopment/
Alba-Ramirez, A., & Blazquez, M. (2003). Types of job match, over education and labour mobility in Spain. In F. Buchel, A. Grip, & A. Mertens (Eds.), Overeducation in Europe (pp. 65–92). Edward Elgar.
Anggito, A., & Setiawan, J. (2018). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. CV Jejak.
Anwar, G., & Abdullah, N. N. (2015). The impact of training and development on job satisfaction: A case study of private banks in Erbil. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 65.
Armstrong, M. (2015). Řízení lidských zdrojů. Grada.
Bae, S.-O., & Patterson, L. (2013). The effect of corporate investment in human capital on employee performance: Major Korean financial corporations examined. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 12(2), 57.
Ballot, G., Fakhfakh, F., & Taymaz, E. (2006). Who benefits from training and R&D, the firm or the workers? British Journal of Industrial Relations, 44, 473–495.
Bartel, A. (2000). Measuring the employer’s return on investments in training: Evidence from the literature. Industrial Relations, 39(3).
Becker, G. S. (1962). Investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 70(5).
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Becker, G. S. (1975). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Berge, Z. V. (2002). The increasing scope of training and development competency. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 9.
Bishop, J. (1994). The impact of previous training in schools and on jobs on productivity, required OJT, and turnover of new hires. In L. Lynch (Ed.), Private sector and skill formation: International comparisons (pp. 161–200). University of Chicago Press.
Black, S., & Lynch, L. (1995). Beyond the incidence of training: Evidence from a national employers' survey. NBER Working Papers, 5231.
Campbell, J. P. (1971). Personnel training and development. Annual Review of Psychology, 22(1), 565–602. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.22.020171.003025
Daniëls, E. M. (2021). Leadership training and organizational learning climate: Measuring influences based on a field experiment in education. International Journal of Training and Development, 43–59.
Dearden, L., Reed, H., & Van Reenen, J. (2006). The impact of training on productivity and wages: Evidence from British panel data. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 68(4), 397–421.
Dewey, A., & Drahota, A. (2016). Introduction to systematic reviews: Online learning module. Cochrane Training. https://training.cochrane.org/interactivelearning/module-1-introduction-conducting-systematic-reviews
Dierdorff, E. C., & Ellington, J. K. (2017). Team training. In Workplace training & employee development (p. 383). Cambridge University Press.
Docebo. (2025). Employee training. https://www.docebo.com/learning-network/blog/employee-training/
Elnaga, A., & Imran, A. (2013). The effect of training on employee performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 2222–2839.
Fegade, T., & Sharma, P. (2023). Exploring the impact of employee training and development on organizational efficiency and effectiveness: A systematic literature review. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 25(4), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2504015663
Gupta, D. (2025). 14 types of employee training programs (+benefits, examples).
Handa-Oakley, B. (n.d.). What is soft-skill training and why is it essential? https://www.retorio.com/blog/what-soft-skill-training
Investopedia. (2025). Understanding human capital theory: Importance and application. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032715/what-human-capital-and-how-it-used.asp
Kanu, R. (2015). Methods of training and development. Innovative Journal of Business and Management, 35–41.
Keenan, M. (2023). What is organizational learning theory? https://www.workramp.com/blog/what-is-organizational-learning-theory
Kingdon, K. S. (n.d.). Introduction. In W. Handley (Ed.), Industrial safety handbook (p. 4).
Kuhlman, T., & Farrington, J. (2010). What is sustainability? Sustainability, 2(11), 3436–3448.
Longnecker, C., & Fink, L. (2005). Management training: Benefits and lost opportunities. Industrial and Commercial Training, 25–30.
Milhem, W., Abushamsieh, K., & Pérez Aróstegui, M. N. (2014). Training strategies, theories, and types. Journal of Accounting – Business & Management, 21(1), 12–26.
Ogohi, D. C. (2018). Effects of training on organizational performance. Asian Journal of Business and Management, 21–28.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (n.d.). The business case for safety.
Ross, S. (2025). Understanding human capital theory. Investopedia.
Schultz, M. (n.d.). What is sales training? https://www.rainsalestraining.com/blog/what-is-sales-training
Smart Training Software. (2024). Digitalize your employee training program in 6 easy steps. https://smartraining.online/digitalize-your-employee-training-program-in-6-easy-steps/
Spiceworks. (2020). What is employee training? https://www.spiceworks.com/hr/learning-development/articles/what-is-employee-training/
Sweetland, S. R. (1996). Human capital theory: Foundations of a field of inquiry. American Educational Research Journal, 66(3), 341.
Tenney, M. (n.d.). What is employee sustainability? https://peoplethriver.com/what-is-employee-sustainability/
Verhaest, D., & Omey, E. (2004). The impact of overeducation and its measurement. Ghent University.
WalkMe. (2025). Team training: Types & practical examples. https://www.walkme.com/blog/team-training/