Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines how job security and job satisfaction influence the performance of university lecturers in Indonesia, aiming to identify key factors that enhance academic professionals' potential and improve educational quality. The research employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive design, collecting data from Indonesian lecturers through purposive sampling. Survey questionnaires were distributed nationwide, and the gathered data were analyzed using SmartPLS to measure the impact of job security and job satisfaction on various performance indicators. The findings reveal that job security significantly improves lecturer performance, while job satisfaction demonstrates a stronger positive correlation. Lecturers with stable employment conditions and high job satisfaction exhibited better teaching quality, higher research productivity, and more impactful community engagement. The study underscores the critical relationship between employment stability, professional fulfillment, and academic performance. Therefore, higher education institutions should prioritize policies that strengthen job security and workplace satisfaction to optimize lecturer performance and institutional excellence. However, the study has certain limitations. Although it includes multiple institutions across Indonesia, regional variations in education systems may affect the generalizability of the results. Additionally, reliance on self-reported performance data may introduce some measurement bias.
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References
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- Ahmadi, N., & Shadpour, N. (2022). Unlocking the Potential of New Work Models: What HR Leaders Need to Know About Employee Satisfaction, Retention, and Performance.
- Ali, M., Lei, S., Freeman, S., & Khan, M. M. (2019). Implemented and perceived high-performance work system and its effect on branch performance: A 2-1-2 mediational multilevel approach. Employee Relations, 41(4), 793–810. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-08-2017-0186
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- Benítez-Núñez, C., Dorta-Afonso, D. y de Saá-Pérez, P. (2024). High-performance work systems and employees' outcomes in challenging contexts: the role of hindrance stressors. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 33(6), 807–830. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2024.2305638
- Biswas, S., & Bhatnagar, J. (2022). Mediator Analysis of Employee Engagement: Role of Perceived Organizational Support, P-O Fit, Organizational Commitment, and Job Satisfaction (Vol. 38).
- Cahyadi, Universitas B. D. (2022). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Baja Ringan Di Pt Arthanindo Cemerlang. Ekonomi Dan Manajemen Bisnis, 1, 63.
- Dagher, J., Boustani, N. M., & Khneyzer, C. (2024). Unlocking HRM Challenges: Exploring Motivation and Job Satisfaction within Military Service (LAF). Administrative Sciences, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14040063
- Davidescu, A. A. M., Apostu, S. A., Paul, A., & Casuneanu, I. (2020). Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among Romanian employees: Implications for sustainable human resource management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156086
- Deci, E. L. , & R. R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
- Dorta-Afonso, D., González-de-la-Rosa, M., García-Rodríguez, F. J., & Romero-Domínguez, L. (2021). Effects of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on hospitality employees' outcomes through their organizational commitment, motivation, and job satisfaction. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063226
- Gharib, M., Al-Ansi, A. M., Al-Sharji, Y., Banu, M., & Alsatouf, M. (2025). Unlocking employee performance: the role of organizational memory and knowledge withholding in Oman's telecommunications sector. Future Business Journal, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00542-6
- Ghozali, I. (2021). Structural Equation Modeling: Metode Alternatif dengan Partial Least Squares (PLS). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
- Glaveli, N., Manolitzas, P., Tsourou, E., & Grigoroudis, E. (2024). Unlocking Teacher Job Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-criteria Satisfaction Analysis. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1), 1264–1285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01124-z
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- Kaur, H., & Kaur, R. (2023). Longitudinal effects of high-performance work practices on job performance via person–job fit. Bottom Line, 36(2), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-02-2022-0030
- Khamis Hamdan Editor, R. (2022). Studies in Big Data 170 Sustainable Data Management Navigating Big Data, Communication Technology, and Business Digital Leadership. Volume 2.
- Khan, S. I., Haque, A., & Bartram, T. (2023). Unleashing Employee Potential: A Mixed-Methods Study of High-Performance Work Systems in Bangladeshi Banks. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914636
- Kurniawan, H., & Desiana, P. M. (2024). Human Resource Management Practices and Job Performance Under Investigation: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Employee Value Proposition. Jurnal Manajemen Teori Dan Terapan| Journal of Theory and Applied Management, 17(2), 299–315. https://doi.org/10.20473/jmtt.v17i2.53161
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- Lambe, K. H. P. (2024). Unlocking Gen-Z employee potential: the role of strategic leadership and organizational culture. Brazilian Journal of Development, 10(11), e74718. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n11-033
- Li, C., Naz, S., Khan, M. A. S., Kusi, B., & Murad, M. (2019). An empirical investigation on the relationship between a high-performance work system and employee performance: measuring a mediation model through partial least squares–structural equation modeling. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 397–416. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S195533
- Miao, R., Bozionelos, N., Zhou, W., & Newman, A. (2021). High-performance work systems and key employee attitudes: the roles of psychological capital and an interactional justice climate. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(2), 443–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1710722
- Nadeem, K., Riaz, A., & Danish, R. Q. (2019). Influence of high-performance work system on employee service performance and OCB: the mediating role of resilience. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0142-2
- Nassani, A. A., Hussain, H., Rosak-Szyrocka, J., Vasa, L., Yousaf, Z., & Haffar, M. (2023). Analyzing the Leading Role of High-Performance Work Systems towards Strategic Business Performance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075697
- Nurholiq, A., Saryono, O., & Setiawan, I. (2019). Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas (Quality Control) Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Produk. Jurnal Ekonologi, 6(2), 395.
- Olaniyan, O. S., & Hystad, S. W. (2016). Capital psicológico, satisfacción laboral, inseguridad e intención de abandono de los trabajadores: efectos directos e indirectos del liderazgo auténtico. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 32(3), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2016.09.003
- Riaz, A., Mahmood, Z., Qammar, A., & Ali, I. (2024). How important is a high-performance work system to improve branch-level performance? International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 32(10), 2299–2320. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-07-2023-3837
- Robbie, R. I., Majid, N. K., & Novianti, K. R. (2024). Unlocking Performance: Person-Organization Fit and Job Satisfaction. JBMP (Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen Dan Perbankan), 10(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.21070/jbmp.v10i1.1932
- Rubel, M. R. B., Hung Kee, D. M., & Rimi, N. N. (2020). High-performance work practices and medical professionals' work outcomes: the mediating effect of perceived organizational support. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 18(3), 368–391. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-05-2020-0076
- Sahir, S. H. (2022). Metodologi Penelitian. KBM INDONESIA.
- Samaranayake, D. I. J., Jayarathna, H. G. D., & Mithursan, A. (2025). Unlocking Employee Potential: Exploring the Influence of Identity Fusion and Pro-group Motivation on Productivity. Journal of Business and Technology, 9(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.4038/jbt.v9i1.128
- Sarwar, U., Aslam, M. K., Khan, S. A., & Shenglin, S. (2024). Optimizing human resource strategies: Investigating the dynamics of high-performance practices, psychological empowerment, and responsible leadership in a moderated-mediation framework. Acta Psychologica, 248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104385
- Shakya, A., Bhattarai, U., & Timsina, B. (2025). Unlocking Stability: Mitigating Job-Hopping Among Millennials in the Information Technology Sector. In American Journal of STEM Education: Issues and Perspectives (Vol. 8).
- Siddique, M., Procter, S., & Gittell, J. H. (2019). The role of relational coordination in the relationship between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and organizational performance. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 6(4), 246–266. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-04-2018-0029
- Siyal, S., Xin, C., Peng, X., Siyal, A. W., & Ahmed, W. (2020). Why Do High-Performance Human Resource Practices Matter for Employee Outcomes in Public Sector Universities? The Mediating Role of Person–Organization Fit Mechanism. SAGE Open, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020947424
- Soltanifar, M., Hughes, M., O'Connor, G., Covin, J. G., & Roijakkers, N. (2023). Unlocking the potential of non-managerial employees in corporate entrepreneurship: a systematic review and research agenda. In International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research (Vol. 29, Issue 11, pp. 206–240). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-04-2022-0333
- Sugiyono. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. Alfabeta.
- Susilo, A., Putra, S. M. R., Arief, S., & Lesmana, M. (2023). The Relationship between Islamic Business Ethics and Customer Retention: Evidence from Sharia Bank in Ponorogo. El Barka: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business, 6(1), 79–107. https://doi.org/10.21154/elbarka.v6i1.3979
- Suwarsa, T. (2021). Pengaruh Pajak Restoran Dan Pajak Hotel Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Padangsidempuan Periode 2018-2020. Jurnal Akuntansi, 51(1), 6.
- Wang, Z., Ren, S., & Meng, L. (2022). High-performance work systems and thriving at work: the role of cognitive appraisal and servant leadership. Personnel Review, 51(7), 1749–1771. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-10-2019-0561
- Wicaksana, I. G. W. (2017). Indonesia's maritime connectivity development: Domestic and international challenges. Asian Journal of Political Science, 25(2), 212–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2017.1339618
- Wojtczuk-Turek, A., Turek, D., Edgar, F., Klein, H. J., Bosak, J., Okay-Somerville, B., Fu, N., Raeder, S., Jurek, P., Lupina-Wegener, A., Dvorakova, Z., Gutiérrez-Crocco, F., Kekkonen, A., Leiva, P. I., Mynaříková, L., Sánchez-Apellániz, M., Shafique, I., Al-Romeedy, B. S., Wee, S., … Karamustafa-Köse, G. (2024). Sustainable human resource management and job satisfaction—Unlocking the power of organizational identification: A cross-cultural perspective from 54 countries. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(5), 4910–4932. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2815
- Xi, M., Chen, Y., & Zhao, S. (2021). The Role of employees’ perceptions of HPWS in the HPWS-performance relationship: A multilevel perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 38(3), 1113–1138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09694-w
- Zulfikar, R., Sari, Fi. permata, Fatmayati, A., Wandini, K., Haryat, T., Jumini, S., Nurjanah, Annisa, S., Kusumawardhani, O. B., Mutiah, R., Linggi, A. I., & Fadilah, H. (2024). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Teori,Metode dan Praktik. In Widina Media Utama.
References
Abdelhamied, H. H., Elbaz, A. M., Al-Romeedy, B. S., & Amer, T. M. (2023). Linking Green Human Resource Practices and Sustainable Performance: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Green Motivation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064835
Agung, A. A. P., & Yuesti, A. (2019). Metode Penelitian Bisnis-Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif. In CV. Noah Aletheia (Vol. 1, Issue 1).
Ahmadi, N., & Shadpour, N. (2022). Unlocking the Potential of New Work Models: What HR Leaders Need to Know About Employee Satisfaction, Retention, and Performance.
Ali, M., Lei, S., Freeman, S., & Khan, M. M. (2019). Implemented and perceived high-performance work system and its effect on branch performance: A 2-1-2 mediational multilevel approach. Employee Relations, 41(4), 793–810. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-08-2017-0186
Amin, N. F., Garancang, S., & Abunawas, K. (2023). Konsep Umum Populasi dan Sampel dalam Penelitian. Jurnal Pilar, 14(1), 20.
Benítez-Núñez, C., Dorta-Afonso, D. y de Saá-Pérez, P. (2024). High-performance work systems and employees' outcomes in challenging contexts: the role of hindrance stressors. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 33(6), 807–830. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2024.2305638
Biswas, S., & Bhatnagar, J. (2022). Mediator Analysis of Employee Engagement: Role of Perceived Organizational Support, P-O Fit, Organizational Commitment, and Job Satisfaction (Vol. 38).
Cahyadi, Universitas B. D. (2022). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Baja Ringan Di Pt Arthanindo Cemerlang. Ekonomi Dan Manajemen Bisnis, 1, 63.
Dagher, J., Boustani, N. M., & Khneyzer, C. (2024). Unlocking HRM Challenges: Exploring Motivation and Job Satisfaction within Military Service (LAF). Administrative Sciences, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14040063
Davidescu, A. A. M., Apostu, S. A., Paul, A., & Casuneanu, I. (2020). Work flexibility, job satisfaction, and job performance among Romanian employees: Implications for sustainable human resource management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156086
Deci, E. L. , & R. R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
Dorta-Afonso, D., González-de-la-Rosa, M., García-Rodríguez, F. J., & Romero-Domínguez, L. (2021). Effects of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on hospitality employees' outcomes through their organizational commitment, motivation, and job satisfaction. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063226
Gharib, M., Al-Ansi, A. M., Al-Sharji, Y., Banu, M., & Alsatouf, M. (2025). Unlocking employee performance: the role of organizational memory and knowledge withholding in Oman's telecommunications sector. Future Business Journal, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00542-6
Ghozali, I. (2021). Structural Equation Modeling: Metode Alternatif dengan Partial Least Squares (PLS). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Glaveli, N., Manolitzas, P., Tsourou, E., & Grigoroudis, E. (2024). Unlocking Teacher Job Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-criteria Satisfaction Analysis. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1), 1264–1285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01124-z
Hartono, J. (2018). Metode Pengumpulan Dan Teknik Analisis Data. In Andi.
Herzberg, F. (2011). Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory and Job Satisfaction in the Malaysian Retail Sector: The Mediating Effect of Love Money. Teck Hang Tan and Amna Waheed.
Ijigu, A. W., Alemu, A. E., & Kuhil, A. M. (2022). The mediating role of employee ambidexterity in the relationship between high-performance work system and employee work performance: An empirical evidence from Ethio-Telecom. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2135220
Islam, A., Ajmal, M., & Islam, Z. (2024). Unlocking work engagement: harnessing social capital, proactive personalities, and POS in newcomers' organizational socialization. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2024-4422
Karim, D. N., & Hossain, Md. M. (2025). Triggering extra-role customer service behaviour of bankers in a developing country: the role of perceived organisational support and workplace happiness. Management Matters. https://doi.org/10.1108/manm-11-2024-0060
Kaur, H., & Kaur, R. (2023). Longitudinal effects of high-performance work practices on job performance via person–job fit. Bottom Line, 36(2), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-02-2022-0030
Khamis Hamdan Editor, R. (2022). Studies in Big Data 170 Sustainable Data Management Navigating Big Data, Communication Technology, and Business Digital Leadership. Volume 2.
Khan, S. I., Haque, A., & Bartram, T. (2023). Unleashing Employee Potential: A Mixed-Methods Study of High-Performance Work Systems in Bangladeshi Banks. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914636
Kurniawan, H., & Desiana, P. M. (2024). Human Resource Management Practices and Job Performance Under Investigation: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Employee Value Proposition. Jurnal Manajemen Teori Dan Terapan| Journal of Theory and Applied Management, 17(2), 299–315. https://doi.org/10.20473/jmtt.v17i2.53161
Lamar, A. D. (2022).). Unlocking The Talent Puzzle: Examining The Impact Of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, And Career Development On Talent Attraction And Retention.
Lambe, K. H. P. (2024). Unlocking Gen-Z employee potential: the role of strategic leadership and organizational culture. Brazilian Journal of Development, 10(11), e74718. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv10n11-033
Li, C., Naz, S., Khan, M. A. S., Kusi, B., & Murad, M. (2019). An empirical investigation on the relationship between a high-performance work system and employee performance: measuring a mediation model through partial least squares–structural equation modeling. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 397–416. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S195533
Miao, R., Bozionelos, N., Zhou, W., & Newman, A. (2021). High-performance work systems and key employee attitudes: the roles of psychological capital and an interactional justice climate. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(2), 443–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1710722
Nadeem, K., Riaz, A., & Danish, R. Q. (2019). Influence of high-performance work system on employee service performance and OCB: the mediating role of resilience. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0142-2
Nassani, A. A., Hussain, H., Rosak-Szyrocka, J., Vasa, L., Yousaf, Z., & Haffar, M. (2023). Analyzing the Leading Role of High-Performance Work Systems towards Strategic Business Performance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075697
Nurholiq, A., Saryono, O., & Setiawan, I. (2019). Analisis Pengendalian Kualitas (Quality Control) Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Produk. Jurnal Ekonologi, 6(2), 395.
Olaniyan, O. S., & Hystad, S. W. (2016). Capital psicológico, satisfacción laboral, inseguridad e intención de abandono de los trabajadores: efectos directos e indirectos del liderazgo auténtico. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 32(3), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2016.09.003
Riaz, A., Mahmood, Z., Qammar, A., & Ali, I. (2024). How important is a high-performance work system to improve branch-level performance? International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 32(10), 2299–2320. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-07-2023-3837
Robbie, R. I., Majid, N. K., & Novianti, K. R. (2024). Unlocking Performance: Person-Organization Fit and Job Satisfaction. JBMP (Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen Dan Perbankan), 10(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.21070/jbmp.v10i1.1932
Rubel, M. R. B., Hung Kee, D. M., & Rimi, N. N. (2020). High-performance work practices and medical professionals' work outcomes: the mediating effect of perceived organizational support. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 18(3), 368–391. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-05-2020-0076
Sahir, S. H. (2022). Metodologi Penelitian. KBM INDONESIA.
Samaranayake, D. I. J., Jayarathna, H. G. D., & Mithursan, A. (2025). Unlocking Employee Potential: Exploring the Influence of Identity Fusion and Pro-group Motivation on Productivity. Journal of Business and Technology, 9(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.4038/jbt.v9i1.128
Sarwar, U., Aslam, M. K., Khan, S. A., & Shenglin, S. (2024). Optimizing human resource strategies: Investigating the dynamics of high-performance practices, psychological empowerment, and responsible leadership in a moderated-mediation framework. Acta Psychologica, 248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104385
Shakya, A., Bhattarai, U., & Timsina, B. (2025). Unlocking Stability: Mitigating Job-Hopping Among Millennials in the Information Technology Sector. In American Journal of STEM Education: Issues and Perspectives (Vol. 8).
Siddique, M., Procter, S., & Gittell, J. H. (2019). The role of relational coordination in the relationship between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and organizational performance. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 6(4), 246–266. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-04-2018-0029
Siyal, S., Xin, C., Peng, X., Siyal, A. W., & Ahmed, W. (2020). Why Do High-Performance Human Resource Practices Matter for Employee Outcomes in Public Sector Universities? The Mediating Role of Person–Organization Fit Mechanism. SAGE Open, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020947424
Soltanifar, M., Hughes, M., O'Connor, G., Covin, J. G., & Roijakkers, N. (2023). Unlocking the potential of non-managerial employees in corporate entrepreneurship: a systematic review and research agenda. In International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research (Vol. 29, Issue 11, pp. 206–240). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-04-2022-0333
Sugiyono. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif. Alfabeta.
Susilo, A., Putra, S. M. R., Arief, S., & Lesmana, M. (2023). The Relationship between Islamic Business Ethics and Customer Retention: Evidence from Sharia Bank in Ponorogo. El Barka: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business, 6(1), 79–107. https://doi.org/10.21154/elbarka.v6i1.3979
Suwarsa, T. (2021). Pengaruh Pajak Restoran Dan Pajak Hotel Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Padangsidempuan Periode 2018-2020. Jurnal Akuntansi, 51(1), 6.
Wang, Z., Ren, S., & Meng, L. (2022). High-performance work systems and thriving at work: the role of cognitive appraisal and servant leadership. Personnel Review, 51(7), 1749–1771. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-10-2019-0561
Wicaksana, I. G. W. (2017). Indonesia's maritime connectivity development: Domestic and international challenges. Asian Journal of Political Science, 25(2), 212–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2017.1339618
Wojtczuk-Turek, A., Turek, D., Edgar, F., Klein, H. J., Bosak, J., Okay-Somerville, B., Fu, N., Raeder, S., Jurek, P., Lupina-Wegener, A., Dvorakova, Z., Gutiérrez-Crocco, F., Kekkonen, A., Leiva, P. I., Mynaříková, L., Sánchez-Apellániz, M., Shafique, I., Al-Romeedy, B. S., Wee, S., … Karamustafa-Köse, G. (2024). Sustainable human resource management and job satisfaction—Unlocking the power of organizational identification: A cross-cultural perspective from 54 countries. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(5), 4910–4932. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2815
Xi, M., Chen, Y., & Zhao, S. (2021). The Role of employees’ perceptions of HPWS in the HPWS-performance relationship: A multilevel perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 38(3), 1113–1138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09694-w
Zulfikar, R., Sari, Fi. permata, Fatmayati, A., Wandini, K., Haryat, T., Jumini, S., Nurjanah, Annisa, S., Kusumawardhani, O. B., Mutiah, R., Linggi, A. I., & Fadilah, H. (2024). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Teori,Metode dan Praktik. In Widina Media Utama.