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Abstract
This study examines whether green banking and corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect firm value and whether non-performing loans (NPLs) moderate these relationships. The study uses publicly available audited financial statements, annual reports, and sustainability reports of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2022–2024 period. Purposive sampling identified 24 eligible banks and 72 initial firm-year observations; after nine outlier observations were excluded, the final balanced panel comprised 21 banks and 63 observations. Green banking was measured using a green banking disclosure index, corporate social responsibility was measured using a CSR disclosure index, firm value was measured using Tobin's Q, and non-performing loans were measured using the NPL ratio. Panel-data moderated regression was estimated in EViews 12. The Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests supported the random effects model. Green banking (β = -1.0361; p = 0.1126) and CSR (β = 0.0176; p = 0.9612) had no significant direct effect on firm value. The green banking-NPL interaction was positive and significant (β = 66.6937; p = 0.0056), while the CSR-NPL interaction was not significant (β = -11.0913; p = 0.4143). These findings indicate that credit-risk conditions change the market relevance of green banking disclosure and underscore the need to integrate sustainability disclosure with disciplined credit-risk management.
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References
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- Anisa, H. V., & Suryandari, D. (2021). The effect of NPL, GCG self assessment, ROA, and CAR on firm value: Empirical study on commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Accounting and Finance Studies, 1(2), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.47153/afs12.1352021
- Arfiyani, R. A. A., & Sasongko, N. (2023). The effect of green banking disclosure, non-performing loans (NPL), and profitability on company value. International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science, 6(4), 582-590.
- Aslam, W., & Jawaid, S. T. (2023). Systematic review of green banking adoption: Following PRISMA protocols. IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, 12(2), 213-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/22779752231168169
- Asyura, A., Syahputri, A., Ramadania, Wendy, & Mustarudin. (2023). Green banking, green investment, and sustainability development banking in Indonesia. International Journal of Applied Finance and Business Studies, 11(3), 662-674.
- Bijak, A., Soemantri, R., & Soenaria, S. R. (2024). Pengaruh tingkat kesehatan bank terhadap firm value dengan CSR expenditure sebagai variabel moderasi. Owner, 8(2), 1528-1538. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i2.2063
- Bose, S., Khan, H. Z., Rashid, A., & Islam, S. (2018). What drives green banking disclosure? An institutional and corporate governance perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 35(2), 501-527.
- Elkington, J. (1998). Partnerships from cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st-century business. Environmental Quality Management, 8(1), 37-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.3310080106
- Erlangga, C. M., Fauzi, A., & Sumiati, A. (2021). Penerapan green accounting dan corporate social responsibility disclosure terhadap nilai perusahaan melalui profitabilitas. Akuntabilitas, 14(1), 61-78. https://doi.org/10.15408/akt.v14i1.20749
- Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.
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- Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi analisis multivariete dengan program IBM SPSS 23. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
- Hastuti, T., & Aprilia, K. (2023). Pengaruh green banking terhadap nilai perusahaan: Peran pemediasi efisiensi bank. Reviu Akuntansi dan Bisnis Indonesia, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.18196/rabin.v7i2.18312
- Hilleri, A. A., Taufik, T., & Nurulita, S. (2025). Pengaruh green banking, corporate social responsibility dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Indonesian Research Journal on Education, 5(2), 788-796. https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v5i2.2315
- Iqbal, S., & Nosheen, S. (2023). Moderating impact of non-performing loans on the relationship between sustainable development goals and the financial performance of banks. Future Business Journal, 9(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00224-1
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- Lesmono, B., & Siregar, S. (2021). Studi literatur tentang agency theory. Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah, 3(2), 203-210. https://doi.org/10.47065/ekuitas.v3i2.1128
- Machmuddah, Z., Sari, D. W., & Utomo, S. D. (2020). Corporate social responsibility, profitability and firm value: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 631-638. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO9.631
- Mardiana, I. A., & Wuryani, E. (2019). Pengaruh kinerja lingkungan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel pemoderasi. Jurnal Akuntansi Unesa, 8(1), 1-8.
- Murwaningsari, E., & Rachmawati, S. (2023). The effect of green banking and green investment on firm value with eco-efficiency as moderation. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 4(2), 141-150.
- Nugraha, R., Varlitya, C. R., Judijanto, L., Adiwijaya, S., Suryahani, I., Murwani, I. A., Sopiana, Y., Boari, Y., Kartika, T., & Fatmah, F. (2024). Green economy: Teori, konsep, gagasan penerapan perekonomian hijau berbagai bidang di masa depan.
- Rachmawati, W., & Karim, A. (2024). Bank hijau. Universitas Semarang Press.
- Rahadi, D. R., & Farid, M. M. (2021). Monograf analisis variabel moderating. CV Lentera Ilmu Mandiri.
- Rochmah, S. A. (2017). Pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap nilai perusahaan: Kebijakan dividen sebagai variabel moderating. Jurnal Ilmu dan Riset Akuntansi, 6(3).
- Rohman, N. A., & Fathihani. (2025). Pengaruh green banking, corporate social responsibility, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perbankan konvensional yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Equilibrium: Jurnal Ekonomi-Manajemen-Akuntansi, 21(2), 194-202. https://doi.org/10.30742/equilibrium.v21i2.4941
- Romli, & Zaputra, A. R. R. (2021). The effect of implementing green banking and corporate social responsibility on company value in banking companies listed on the IDX. Portofolio: Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis, Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 18(2), 136-159.
- Salama, M., Rate, P. V., & Untu, V. N. (2019). Pengaruh keputusan investasi, keputusan pendanaan dan kebijakan dividen terhadap nilai perusahaan pada industri perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2014-2017. Jurnal EMBA, 7(3), 2651-2660.
- Savitri, C., Faddila, S. P., Iswari, H. R., Anam, C., Syah, S., Mulyani, S. R., Sihombing, P. R., Kismawadi, E. R., Pujianto, A., Mulyati, A., Astuti, Y., Adinugroho, W. C., Imanuddin, R., Nuraini, A., Taufik, U., & Rohana, H. (2021). Statistik multivariat dalam riset. Widina Bhakti Persada Bandung.
- Sihombing, P. R. (2022). Aplikasi EViews untuk statistisi pemula. PT Dewangga Energi Internasional.
- Söderholm, P. (2020). The green economy transition: The challenges of technological change for sustainability. Sustainable Earth, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-020-00029-y
- Tiara, C., & Jayanti, D. (2022). Pengaruh green banking, firm age dan firm size terhadap nilai perusahaan. JPAK: Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 10(2), 230-239.
- Tran, S. N., & Ha, D. T. T. (2025). Green banking disclosure and firm value: A research study at the commercial bank of Vietnam. Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 18(2), 278-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/17520843.2024.2419758
- Wati, L. N. (2019). Model corporate social responsibility. Myria Publisher.
- Wulandari, C., & Efendi, D. (2021). Pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan CSR sebagai variabel moderasi. Jurnal Neraca Peradaban, 1(2), 128-135.
- Yuniarti, N., Nurangraini, I., Astuti, B., Ranidiah, F., & Pertiwi, D. E. (2022). Pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan corporate social responsibility sebagai variabel moderating. EKOMBIS REVIEW: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 10(S1), 281-298. https://doi.org/10.37676/ekombis.v10is1.2053
References
Afifah, N., Astuti, S. W. W., & Irawan, D. (2021). Pengaruh corporate social responsibility (CSR) dan reputasi perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan. EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan), 5(3), 346-364. https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2021.v5.i3.4644
Anisa, H. V., & Suryandari, D. (2021). The effect of NPL, GCG self assessment, ROA, and CAR on firm value: Empirical study on commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Accounting and Finance Studies, 1(2), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.47153/afs12.1352021
Arfiyani, R. A. A., & Sasongko, N. (2023). The effect of green banking disclosure, non-performing loans (NPL), and profitability on company value. International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science, 6(4), 582-590.
Aslam, W., & Jawaid, S. T. (2023). Systematic review of green banking adoption: Following PRISMA protocols. IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, 12(2), 213-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/22779752231168169
Asyura, A., Syahputri, A., Ramadania, Wendy, & Mustarudin. (2023). Green banking, green investment, and sustainability development banking in Indonesia. International Journal of Applied Finance and Business Studies, 11(3), 662-674.
Bijak, A., Soemantri, R., & Soenaria, S. R. (2024). Pengaruh tingkat kesehatan bank terhadap firm value dengan CSR expenditure sebagai variabel moderasi. Owner, 8(2), 1528-1538. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i2.2063
Bose, S., Khan, H. Z., Rashid, A., & Islam, S. (2018). What drives green banking disclosure? An institutional and corporate governance perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 35(2), 501-527.
Elkington, J. (1998). Partnerships from cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st-century business. Environmental Quality Management, 8(1), 37-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.3310080106
Erlangga, C. M., Fauzi, A., & Sumiati, A. (2021). Penerapan green accounting dan corporate social responsibility disclosure terhadap nilai perusahaan melalui profitabilitas. Akuntabilitas, 14(1), 61-78. https://doi.org/10.15408/akt.v14i1.20749
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.
Galyani, Z. M., & Henny, D. (2022). Determinasi faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan perbankan. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 2(2), 1401-1410. https://doi.org/10.25105/jet.v2i2.14775
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi analisis multivariete dengan program IBM SPSS 23. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hastuti, T., & Aprilia, K. (2023). Pengaruh green banking terhadap nilai perusahaan: Peran pemediasi efisiensi bank. Reviu Akuntansi dan Bisnis Indonesia, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.18196/rabin.v7i2.18312
Hilleri, A. A., Taufik, T., & Nurulita, S. (2025). Pengaruh green banking, corporate social responsibility dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan. Indonesian Research Journal on Education, 5(2), 788-796. https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v5i2.2315
Iqbal, S., & Nosheen, S. (2023). Moderating impact of non-performing loans on the relationship between sustainable development goals and the financial performance of banks. Future Business Journal, 9(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00224-1
Khan, H. Z., Bose, S., Sheehy, B., & Quazi, A. (2021). Green banking disclosure, firm value and the moderating role of a contextual factor: Evidence from a distinctive regulatory setting. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(8), 3651-3670. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2832
Kholis, A. (2020). Corporate social responsibility: Konsep dan implementasi. Economic & Business Publishing.
Kurniadi, R., Puspita, W. N., Sari, P., & Agustin, M. (2023). Pengelolaan sumber daya berorientasi green economy: Analisis bibliometrik. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo, 9(1), 141. https://doi.org/10.35906/jep.v9i1.1467
Lee, D., Lee, S., & Cho, N. E. (2019). Voluntary disclosure and market valuation of sustainability reports in Korea: The case of chaebols. Sustainability, 11(13), 3577. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133577
Lesmono, B., & Siregar, S. (2021). Studi literatur tentang agency theory. Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah, 3(2), 203-210. https://doi.org/10.47065/ekuitas.v3i2.1128
Machmuddah, Z., Sari, D. W., & Utomo, S. D. (2020). Corporate social responsibility, profitability and firm value: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(9), 631-638. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO9.631
Mardiana, I. A., & Wuryani, E. (2019). Pengaruh kinerja lingkungan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel pemoderasi. Jurnal Akuntansi Unesa, 8(1), 1-8.
Murwaningsari, E., & Rachmawati, S. (2023). The effect of green banking and green investment on firm value with eco-efficiency as moderation. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 4(2), 141-150.
Nugraha, R., Varlitya, C. R., Judijanto, L., Adiwijaya, S., Suryahani, I., Murwani, I. A., Sopiana, Y., Boari, Y., Kartika, T., & Fatmah, F. (2024). Green economy: Teori, konsep, gagasan penerapan perekonomian hijau berbagai bidang di masa depan.
Rachmawati, W., & Karim, A. (2024). Bank hijau. Universitas Semarang Press.
Rahadi, D. R., & Farid, M. M. (2021). Monograf analisis variabel moderating. CV Lentera Ilmu Mandiri.
Rochmah, S. A. (2017). Pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap nilai perusahaan: Kebijakan dividen sebagai variabel moderating. Jurnal Ilmu dan Riset Akuntansi, 6(3).
Rohman, N. A., & Fathihani. (2025). Pengaruh green banking, corporate social responsibility, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perbankan konvensional yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Equilibrium: Jurnal Ekonomi-Manajemen-Akuntansi, 21(2), 194-202. https://doi.org/10.30742/equilibrium.v21i2.4941
Romli, & Zaputra, A. R. R. (2021). The effect of implementing green banking and corporate social responsibility on company value in banking companies listed on the IDX. Portofolio: Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis, Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 18(2), 136-159.
Salama, M., Rate, P. V., & Untu, V. N. (2019). Pengaruh keputusan investasi, keputusan pendanaan dan kebijakan dividen terhadap nilai perusahaan pada industri perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2014-2017. Jurnal EMBA, 7(3), 2651-2660.
Savitri, C., Faddila, S. P., Iswari, H. R., Anam, C., Syah, S., Mulyani, S. R., Sihombing, P. R., Kismawadi, E. R., Pujianto, A., Mulyati, A., Astuti, Y., Adinugroho, W. C., Imanuddin, R., Nuraini, A., Taufik, U., & Rohana, H. (2021). Statistik multivariat dalam riset. Widina Bhakti Persada Bandung.
Sihombing, P. R. (2022). Aplikasi EViews untuk statistisi pemula. PT Dewangga Energi Internasional.
Söderholm, P. (2020). The green economy transition: The challenges of technological change for sustainability. Sustainable Earth, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-020-00029-y
Tiara, C., & Jayanti, D. (2022). Pengaruh green banking, firm age dan firm size terhadap nilai perusahaan. JPAK: Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 10(2), 230-239.
Tran, S. N., & Ha, D. T. T. (2025). Green banking disclosure and firm value: A research study at the commercial bank of Vietnam. Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 18(2), 278-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/17520843.2024.2419758
Wati, L. N. (2019). Model corporate social responsibility. Myria Publisher.
Wulandari, C., & Efendi, D. (2021). Pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan CSR sebagai variabel moderasi. Jurnal Neraca Peradaban, 1(2), 128-135.
Yuniarti, N., Nurangraini, I., Astuti, B., Ranidiah, F., & Pertiwi, D. E. (2022). Pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan corporate social responsibility sebagai variabel moderating. EKOMBIS REVIEW: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 10(S1), 281-298. https://doi.org/10.37676/ekombis.v10is1.2053