Article Sidebar

Download
Download Article

Main Article Content

Abstract

The leadership crisis amidst demands for transformational leadership in developing the competencies of state civil servants (ASN) presents a strategic challenge to fostering high-quality human resources in pursuit of Golden Indonesia 2045. This study aims to analyze the role of transformational leadership in addressing the transformation of civil servant competency development and formulating relevant strategies. This study uses a qualitative approach through a literature review, examining secondary data such as government regulations, official reports, and academic articles from 2020 to 2026 related to ASN leadership and competency development, analyzed using descriptive-qualitative analysis and thematic synthesis based on elements of transformational leadership. The results show that transformational leadership plays a significant role in driving organizational change through charismatic, inspirational, and adaptive traits, and that civil servant competency development is a strategic imperative that must be integrated with organizational goals. In addition, there are various challenges, such as the digital divide, resistance to change, low learning motivation, and lack of integration of learning systems. Therefore, effective strategies include developing an ASN learning ecosystem, implementing an ASN Corporate University, and strengthening the role of BPSDM as a driver of talent development and a knowledge center. This analysis demonstrates that civil servant competency is a key catalyst for sustainable bureaucratic reform. To foster a truly agile, adaptive, innovative, and results-oriented apparatus, the government must treat competency development not as an isolated administrative routine, but as an integrated, mandatory, and strategic investment. Transformational leadership strategies act as a key driver for dismantling institutional silos and accelerating bureaucratic reform. Therefore, learning organizations require a learning ecosystem and a civil service corporate university (ASN Corpu).

Keywords

Transformational Leadership Civil Servant Competency Development Strategy

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Purwanti, A. D., & Rudita, L. (2026). Analysis of Transformational Leadership in the Strategy for Developing Civil Servant Competence in National Institute of Public Administration. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 6(2), 515–530. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v6i2.2228
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Agency, N. C. S. (2025). Civil Servant Statistics Book Semester I 2025. Retrieved from https://www.bkn.go.id/e-library/buku-statistik-aparatur-sipil-negara-semester-i-2025/
  2. Ahatri, W., Weldayenti, L., & Noviyani, A. (2025). The Role of BPSDM of West Sumatra Province in Improving Civil Servant Competence through Managerial Training. Journal of Political and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.63217/orasi.v2i2.294
  3. Andrews, K. R. (1971). The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Dow Jones-Irwin.
  4. Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2020). Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (15th ed.). Kogan Page.
  5. Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  6. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. SAGE Publications.
  7. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1997). Full Range Leadership Development: Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. California: Mind Garden.
  8. Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. National Bureau of Economic Research.
  9. Boselie, P., Van Harten, J., & Veld, M. (2021). From Strategic HRM to Value Creation in the Public Sector. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(16), 3511–3535. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1943564
  10. Bryson, J. M., Ackermann, F., & Eden, C. (2014). Visual Strategy: A Strategy Mapping Framework for Public and Nonprofit Organizations. Jossey-Bass.
  11. Chowdhury, M. I. U. (2026). The Significance of Training for Sustainable Workforce Development in Organizations: A Systematic Literature Review. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 6(1), 345–358. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v6i1.1930
  12. Dewey, A., & Drahota, A. (2016). Introduction to Systematic Reviews: Online Learning Module. Cochrane Training.
  13. Forum, W. E. (2025). Future of Jobs Report 2025. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from World Economic Forum website: https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_Report_2025.pdf
  14. Garavan, T. N., Morley, M., Gunnigle, P., & Collins, E. (2001). Human Capital Accumulation: The Role of Human Resource Development. Journal of European Industrial Training, 25(2/3/4), 48–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005437
  15. Hasanah, J., Alim, M., Febriansya, V., & Anshori, M. (2023). Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership: A Systematic Literature Review. Scientific Journal and Student Work. https://doi.org/10.54066/jikma.v1i4.502
  16. Indonesia, M. of S. S. of the R. of. (2024). Ministry of State Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.setneg.go.id/
  17. Irawati, E. (2026). Opportunities and Challenges of Regional BPSDM in Developing Adaptive and Innovative Civil Servants. Regional Device Forum of BPSDM North Sumatra Province.
  18. Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2005). The Balanced Scorecard: Measures That Drive Performance. Harvard Business Review, 83(7), 172–180.
  19. Karningsih. (2023). The Relationship Between Competence and Service Quality with the Level of Public Satisfaction Among Users of Population Administration Services. Public Service and Governance Journal, 4(4), 193–217.
  20. Lastiwi, D., Suryono, F., & Nihayati, B. (2022). Strategy for Developing Civil Servant Competencies and Policy Directions (A Literature Review). Nusantara Innovation Journal. https://doi.org/10.70260/nij.v1i1.15
  21. Law Number 20 of 2023 Concerning Civil Servant Competency Development. , (2023).
  22. Mintzberg, H., & Waters, J. A. (1985). Of Strategies, Deliberate and Emergent. Strategic Management Journal, 6(3), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250060306
  23. Moore, M. H. (1995). Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government. Harvard University Press.
  24. Mukhtadi. (2024). Strategi Mewujudkan Indonesia Emas Melalui Kepemimpinan Unpredictable. Bogor: PT Penerbit IPB Press.
  25. Mulya. (2025). Head of LAN: Transforming “Egosystem” into “Ecosystem.” ANTARA News. Retrieved from https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5284245/kepala-lan-rombak-egosystem-jadi-ecosystem
  26. Mustamin. (2023). Talent Management and Competency Development of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN): Optimizing the Performance of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN). Jurnal Sipatokkong BPSDM Sulawesi Selatan, 4(2), 166–175.
  27. NIPA (2024). Report of the 2024 National Future Learning Forum (NFLF): Demolishing the EgoSystem, LAN Creates a Learning Ecosystem for Professional Civil Servants. Jakarta: LAN RI.
  28. Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. M. (2014). Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  29. Nur, A., Disman, Ahman, E., Hendrayati, H., & Budiman, A. (2021). Analysis of Transformational Leadership. Journal of Management and Business. https://doi.org/10.17509/jimb.v12i2.37610
  30. Porter, M. E. (1996). What Is Strategy? Harvard Business Review, 74(6), 61–78.
  31. Purwana, B., & Parjiyono. (2025). Challenges of Corporate University: Recognition of Prior Learning as the Foundation of National Talent Ecosystem. Journal of Policy Analysis. https://doi.org/10.37145/c4cg5r27
  32. Putra, I. (2025). Two Challenges in Civil Servant Competency Development in Indonesia. Merdeka.Com. Retrieved from https://www.merdeka.com/uang/ini-dua-tantangan-pengembangan-kompetensi-asn-di-indonesia-473128-mvk.html?page=3
  33. Rainey, H. G. (2014). Understanding and Managing Public Organizations (5th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
  34. Resa, R., & Sandi, H. H. (2025). Effect of Transformational Leadership on Affective Commitment: Trust in Leadership as a Mediator at the Regional Development Planning Agency of Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 6(1), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v6i1.1620
  35. Rivai, A. (2020). The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. Scientific Journal of Master of Management. Retrieved from https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id:444/index.php/MANEGGIO/article/view/5291/4632
  36. Safira, E. M., Syafiq, M., Auliya, N. S., Wiryanto, W., Santoso, T., Rachman, N. A., & Rahmalia, M. (2015). Study of the Grand Design for State Civil Apparatus Competency Development (1st ed.; M. Taufiq, Ed.). Center for Administrative Reform Studies, National Institute of Public Administration.
  37. Sawir, M. (2020). Public Service Bureaucracy (Concepts, Theory, and Applications). Deepublish. Retrieved from https://repository.deepublish.com/media/publications/593688-birokrasi-pelayanan-publik-konsep-teori-ffd20ecf.pdf
  38. Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. The American Economic Review, 51(1), 1–17.
  39. Sinaga, N., Aprilinda, D., & Budiman, A. (2021). The Concept of Transformational Leadership. Indonesian Scientific Journal. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c276/a311b05e69d4772e04b3a28ab492b6586bec.pdf
  40. Sudewo, P. (2024). Analysis of Integrated Learning Implementation through Learning Culture Development and Knowledge Management in Government Institutions. National Annual Scientific Meeting of Widyaiswara Proceedings. Retrieved from https://ejournal.iwi.or.id/ojs/index.php/pitnas2024/article/view/288
  41. Sunaengsih. (2021). Transformational Leadership Survey. ERIC. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1300143
  42. Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533.