Optimizing Super Teak Wood Furniture Design through a Biophilic Approach An Experimental Study of Ergonomic Performance at PT Bima Moriesya Anugerah
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Abstract
Sustainable furniture design requires the integration of aesthetic, functional, ergonomic, and environmental considerations. This study aimed to develop and evaluate super teak wood furniture designs using an integrated biophilic and ergonomic approach at PT Bima Moriesya Anugerah, Indonesia. A sequential mixed-methods design was employed, involving structured interviews with 30 premium furniture consumers and consultations with five industry experts. Three design configurations were evaluated using computer-aided design and manufacturing simulations, digital human modeling, and life cycle assessment. The evaluation considered user preferences, ergonomic performance, and environmental impact. Configuration B was identified as the preferred alternative, achieving a reported Biophilic-Ergonomic Index (BEI) score of 8.7. Additional results included a Biophilic Design Index score of 8.9 out of 10, a seat pressure distribution value of 12.5 kPa, a Rapid Upper Limb Assessment score of 2, and a carbon footprint of 52.1 kg CO₂ equivalent. The findings indicate that integrating biophilic principles with ergonomic and environmental criteria can support the evaluation and selection of furniture design alternatives. However, the interpretation of these results depends on the transparent definition of the assessment indicators and the validation of the proposed index. The study provides a design evaluation framework that may inform further research and practical development in the Indonesian furniture industry.
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