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Abstract
Income inequality and high poverty rates are significant problems for developing and even developed countries in the world. Thus, the distribution of income to improve welfare and reduce poverty is urgently needed. Many instruments in Indonesia provide a distribution process, one of which is with taxes. However, the problem is that the Indonesian tax system often contains errors or fails to comply with Sharia principles. This research is a quantitative, descriptive study using a library research method and a qualitative content analysis approach. This study uses secondary data as its primary data. The researcher will examine and review previous literature, including journals, articles, books, and websites, that provide information on the tax distribution process. So that the collection of taxes from the community is inappropriate and results in increased income inequality. Given this phenomenon, this research is essential for understanding the appropriate Sharia tax system as outlined in the book Al-Kharaj, as seen in the DSN-MUI fatwa no. 156 of 2023 is needed, as well as providing solutions to the obstacles faced. This research has the following objectives: to understand, analyze, and determine the relevance of implementing Sharia taxes in Indonesia, as outlined in Fatwa No. 156 of 2023, to the concept of taxes put forward by Abu Yusuf in the book Al-Kharaj.
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References
- Abdillah, R., Janwari, Y., & Jubaedah, D. (2022). Abu Yusuf's concept of thought in state financial management. 4(2), 40–51.
- Aisyah, H., Dahlan, M. D., & Aprila, M. (2023). The influence of the relationship between income inequality, poverty reduction, and economic growth: A perspective from Indonesia. Journal of Economy, 2(12), 3722–3736.
- Anas, M., Riani, L. P., & Lianawati, D. (2019). Portrait of inequality in income distribution in Indonesia in 2018 with Gini ratio indicators, Lorenz curve, and World Bank size (pp. 72–83).
- Badan Pusat Statistik. (2025). Realisasi pendapatan negara. https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/mta3mcmy/realisasi-pendapatan-negara.html
- Detik Finance. (2024). Survei ketimpangan RI: Harta 50 orang terkaya setara milik 50 juta orang biasa. https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-7559174/survei-ketimpangan-ri-harta-50-orang-terkaya-setara-milik-50-juta-orang-biasa
- Diana, D. M., Hasanah, D., Fitria, V. R., Haikal, M., Rose, D. R., & Rapindo, A. (2025). Comparison of the effectiveness of zakat and taxes in reducing economic inequality in Indonesia. 2(2), 161–170.
- Fahmi, A. (2019). The relationship between income tax revenue and the United Nations on the income gap. 6(1), 39–54.
- Hidayat, S., Rizkiah, P., & Erina, O. (2024). Government strategies for increasing tax awareness in Indonesia. 19(5), 1–23.
- Iqbal, I., & Hendra. (2022). Abu Yusuf and Ibn Khaldun's perspectives on the concept and the contribution of taxation to the Indonesian economy. 3(2), 291–311.
- Irwan, A., & Tuo, H. (2024). Analysis of tax concepts in the book of Al-Kharaj Abu Yusuf: Implementation in the contemporary tax system. 2(1), 333–339.
- Kurdi, & Syafitri, C. Z. (2025). ESG principles in PPP legal regulation: Efforts to increase the effectiveness of infrastructure development in Indonesia. 10 (November), 358–389.
- Nusiantari, D., & Private, A. P. (2020). The role of tax revenue in income equity efforts (pp. 35–41).
- Prihadini, D., & Amalia, A. A. (2024). Evaluation of the implementation of the progressive tax rate policy for motor vehicle taxes at the Bekasi City Samsat Office in 2018–2022. 4(3), 208–214.
- Primahadi, R., & Kurniawan, R. (2021). Analysis of the effectiveness and contribution of regional taxes and levies to regional original revenue (PAD) and the level of regional independence of Pariaman City. 5(1), 84–93.
- Rahmawati, R., & Nurcahyani, N. (2024). Digital tax analysis in Indonesia: Contributions and challenges ahead. Journal of Finance, 5(2), 81–86.
- Rambe, R. A., & Imsar. (2023). The influence of distribution on Islamic economics. Journal of Digital Economics and Business, 1(2), 259–263.
- Septiani, F. D. (2023). Financial crisis and state budget policy transformation: Special challenges and strategies on income tax (PPH) and value-added tax (VAT). JMBI Unsrat (Scientific Journal of Business Management and Innovation, Sam Ratulangi University), 10(3), 2180–2192.
- Siburian, H. K., Subandi, M., Lubis, A. F., Indrawati, & Supriatna, D. (2023). Review of the implementation of taxes on community welfare. 2(2), 129–135.
- Simarmata, M., & Suyanto. (2024). Investment cooperation between the government and business entities (pp. 1856–1867).
- Tilopa, M. N. (2017). Abu Yusuf's economic thought in the book of Al-Kharaj. 3(1), 154–171.
- Wicaksono, A., Novinda, A. P., & Choiriyyah, R. (2024). The reality of tax awareness and challenges among Generation Z in Sidoarjo and Surabaya. Journal of Accounting Research, 2(2), 174–183.
- Zunaidi, A. (2021). Abu Yusuf and taxes: Concepts in the book of Al-Kharaj and their relevance in the current economy. 20(1), 61–76.
References
Abdillah, R., Janwari, Y., & Jubaedah, D. (2022). Abu Yusuf's concept of thought in state financial management. 4(2), 40–51.
Aisyah, H., Dahlan, M. D., & Aprila, M. (2023). The influence of the relationship between income inequality, poverty reduction, and economic growth: A perspective from Indonesia. Journal of Economy, 2(12), 3722–3736.
Anas, M., Riani, L. P., & Lianawati, D. (2019). Portrait of inequality in income distribution in Indonesia in 2018 with Gini ratio indicators, Lorenz curve, and World Bank size (pp. 72–83).
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2025). Realisasi pendapatan negara. https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/mta3mcmy/realisasi-pendapatan-negara.html
Detik Finance. (2024). Survei ketimpangan RI: Harta 50 orang terkaya setara milik 50 juta orang biasa. https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-7559174/survei-ketimpangan-ri-harta-50-orang-terkaya-setara-milik-50-juta-orang-biasa
Diana, D. M., Hasanah, D., Fitria, V. R., Haikal, M., Rose, D. R., & Rapindo, A. (2025). Comparison of the effectiveness of zakat and taxes in reducing economic inequality in Indonesia. 2(2), 161–170.
Fahmi, A. (2019). The relationship between income tax revenue and the United Nations on the income gap. 6(1), 39–54.
Hidayat, S., Rizkiah, P., & Erina, O. (2024). Government strategies for increasing tax awareness in Indonesia. 19(5), 1–23.
Iqbal, I., & Hendra. (2022). Abu Yusuf and Ibn Khaldun's perspectives on the concept and the contribution of taxation to the Indonesian economy. 3(2), 291–311.
Irwan, A., & Tuo, H. (2024). Analysis of tax concepts in the book of Al-Kharaj Abu Yusuf: Implementation in the contemporary tax system. 2(1), 333–339.
Kurdi, & Syafitri, C. Z. (2025). ESG principles in PPP legal regulation: Efforts to increase the effectiveness of infrastructure development in Indonesia. 10 (November), 358–389.
Nusiantari, D., & Private, A. P. (2020). The role of tax revenue in income equity efforts (pp. 35–41).
Prihadini, D., & Amalia, A. A. (2024). Evaluation of the implementation of the progressive tax rate policy for motor vehicle taxes at the Bekasi City Samsat Office in 2018–2022. 4(3), 208–214.
Primahadi, R., & Kurniawan, R. (2021). Analysis of the effectiveness and contribution of regional taxes and levies to regional original revenue (PAD) and the level of regional independence of Pariaman City. 5(1), 84–93.
Rahmawati, R., & Nurcahyani, N. (2024). Digital tax analysis in Indonesia: Contributions and challenges ahead. Journal of Finance, 5(2), 81–86.
Rambe, R. A., & Imsar. (2023). The influence of distribution on Islamic economics. Journal of Digital Economics and Business, 1(2), 259–263.
Septiani, F. D. (2023). Financial crisis and state budget policy transformation: Special challenges and strategies on income tax (PPH) and value-added tax (VAT). JMBI Unsrat (Scientific Journal of Business Management and Innovation, Sam Ratulangi University), 10(3), 2180–2192.
Siburian, H. K., Subandi, M., Lubis, A. F., Indrawati, & Supriatna, D. (2023). Review of the implementation of taxes on community welfare. 2(2), 129–135.
Simarmata, M., & Suyanto. (2024). Investment cooperation between the government and business entities (pp. 1856–1867).
Tilopa, M. N. (2017). Abu Yusuf's economic thought in the book of Al-Kharaj. 3(1), 154–171.
Wicaksono, A., Novinda, A. P., & Choiriyyah, R. (2024). The reality of tax awareness and challenges among Generation Z in Sidoarjo and Surabaya. Journal of Accounting Research, 2(2), 174–183.
Zunaidi, A. (2021). Abu Yusuf and taxes: Concepts in the book of Al-Kharaj and their relevance in the current economy. 20(1), 61–76.