The Influence of Compensation, Work Motivation, and Job Satisfaction on the Performance of Gojek Driver Partners in Bekasi City Job Insecurity as an Intervening Variable
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the relationships of compensation, work motivation, and job satisfaction with the performance of Gojek partner drivers in Bekasi City, with job insecurity as an intervening variable. A quantitative survey was conducted involving 126 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The results show negative path coefficients between compensation and job insecurity (β = −0.325), work motivation and job insecurity (β = −0.278), and job satisfaction and job insecurity (β = −0.312). Job insecurity also exhibits a negative path coefficient in relation to driver performance (β = −0.371). The reported indirect-effect coefficients are positive for compensation (β = 0.121), work motivation (β = 0.103), and job satisfaction (β = 0.116), suggesting that job insecurity may provide an indirect pathway linking these factors to performance. The model explains 69.3% of the variance in job insecurity and 74.2% of the variance in performance. These findings highlight the relevance of compensation, work motivation, job satisfaction, and perceived employment security in understanding performance among digital platform workers. The statistical significance of the structural and indirect effects requires confirmation through appropriate bootstrapping results.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Afandi, P. (2018). Manajemen sumber daya manusia: Teori, konsep dan indikator. Zanafa Publishing.
Afandi, P. (2021). Manajemen sumber daya manusia: Teori, konsep dan indikator. Zanafa Publishing.
Audina, M., & Kusmayadi, D. (2018). Pengaruh job insecurity terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan stres kerja sebagai variabel intervening. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 15(2), 129–140.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands-resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2023). Job demands-resources theory: Ten years later. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10, 25–53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-053933
Cerasoli, C. P., Nicklin, J. M., & Ford, M. T. (2014). Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic incentives jointly predict performance: A 40-year meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 980–1008. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035661
Cheng, G. H.-L., & Chan, D. K.-S. (2008). Who suffers more from job insecurity? A meta-analytic review. Applied Psychology, 57(2), 272–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00312.x
Coyle-Shapiro, J. A.-M., Pereira Costa, S., Doden, W., & Chang, C. (2019). Psychological contracts: Past, present, and future. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 6, 145–169. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012218-015212
Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 19–43. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108
De Witte, H. (2005). Job insecurity: Review of the international literature on definitions, prevalence, antecedents and consequences. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 31(4), 1–6.
De Witte, H., Pienaar, J., & De Cuyper, N. (2016). Review of 30 years of longitudinal studies on the association between job insecurity and health-related outcomes: Is there causal evidence? Australian Psychologist, 51(1), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12176
Greenhalgh, L., & Rosenblatt, Z. (1984). Job insecurity: Toward conceptual clarity. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 438–448. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1984.4279673
Gupta, N., & Shaw, J. D. (2014). Employee compensation: The neglected area of HRM research. Human Resource Management Review, 24(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2013.08.007
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2017). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. Bumi Aksara.
Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2019). Manajemen: Dasar, pengertian, dan masalah. Bumi Aksara.
International Labour Organization. (2021). World employment and social outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of work. International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/weso/2021/WCMS_771749/lang--en/index.htm
Kellogg, K. C., Valentine, M. A., & Christin, A. (2020). Algorithms at work: The new contested terrain of control. Academy of Management Annals, 14(1), 366–410. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2018.0174
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Schaufeli, W. B., de Vet, H. C. W., & van der Beek, A. J. (2011). Conceptual frameworks of individual work performance: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(8), 856–866. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318226a763
Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297–1349). Rand McNally.
Luthans, F. (2011). Organizational behavior: An evidence-based approach (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. (2014). Manajemen sumber daya manusia perusahaan. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. (2015). Manajemen sumber daya manusia perusahaan. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Marwansyah. (2016). Manajemen sumber daya manusia (2nd ed.). Alfabeta.
Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2006). Human resource management (11th ed.). Thomson/South-Western.
Medina, A., et al. (2023). The relationship between job insecurity and employee performance: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Career Development International, 28(6/7), 589–632. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-06-2022-0164
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2015). Organizational behavior (16th ed.). Pearson.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2016). Organizational behavior (16th ed.). Pearson.
Rosenblat, A., & Stark, L. (2016). Algorithmic labor and information asymmetries: A case study of Uber’s drivers. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3758–3784. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/4892
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2020). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In C. Homburg, M. Klarmann, & A. Vomberg (Eds.), Handbook of market research. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-1
Shaw, J. D. (2014). Pay dispersion. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 521–544. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091253
Shoss, M. K. (2017). Job insecurity: An integrative review and agenda for future research. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1911–1939. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317691574
Siamto, W. (2022). Pengaruh kompensasi dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja mitra Gojek di Kota Depok. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 7(1), 45–54.
Simamora, H. (2006). Manajemen sumber daya manusia (3rd ed.). STIE YKPN.
Sverke, M., Låstad, L., Hellgren, J., Richter, A., & Näswall, K. (2019). A meta-analysis of job insecurity and employee performance: Testing the moderating effect of gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), Article 2536. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142536
Vallas, S. P., & Schor, J. B. (2020). What do platforms do? Understanding the gig economy. Annual Review of Sociology, 46, 273–294. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054857
Wibowo. (2016). Manajemen kinerja (5th ed.). Rajawali Pers.
Wood, A. J., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., & Hjorth, I. (2019). Good gig, bad gig: Autonomy and algorithmic control in the global gig economy. Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017018785616