Musa, F., Aksan, S. M., Firianto, A. R., Adam, A., & Baharuddin, B. (2026). The Concept of Epistemology in Islamic Education and Its Challenges in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Golden Ratio of Social Science and Education, 6(1.1), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.52970/grsse.v6i1.1.2347