The Behavioral Foundations of Employee Productivity: A Systematic Literature Review of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management
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Abstract
Employee productivity is shaped by behavioral, psychological, and organizational factors. This systematic literature review synthesizes evidence on behavioral determinants, human resource management (HRM) practices, multilevel antecedents, and mechanisms influencing performance. Searches of SciSpace, Google Scholar, Mendeley, and PubMed identified 7,681 records. After deduplication and AI-assisted relevance screening, 1,000 records underwent abstract screening against six criteria. Of these, 221 passed screening and 194 were retained for synthesis. Data extraction covered study characteristics, determinants, HRM practices, theories, findings, and mediating and moderating factors. Motivation, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior emerged as prominent productivity determinants. Training, performance appraisal, and compensation were HRM practices, although their effects varied across contexts. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment mediated these relationships. Self-Determination Theory, the Job Demands-Resources Model, Social Exchange Theory, and Goal-Setting Theory explained productivity. Individual, team, and organizational factors shaped productivity. The review highlights integrated HRM, employee development, motivation, and well-being as foundations for sustainable productivity.
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