Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines whether consumer satisfaction transmits the influence of payment features to consumer loyalty among Grab users in Garut Regency, Indonesia. A quantitative explanatory survey was conducted with 132 eligible users selected through purposive sampling. The final measurement model contained 22 reflective indicators after five indicators with inadequate loadings were removed. Data were analysed with partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4 using 5,000 bootstrap subsamples. Payment features had a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction (β = 0.657, t = 9.716, p < 0.001), and consumer satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on consumer loyalty (β = 0.819, t = 11.242, p < 0.001). The direct effect of payment features on loyalty was positive but not significant (β = 0.102, t = 1.197, p = 0.232), whereas the indirect effect through satisfaction was significant (β = 0.538, t = 7.661, p < 0.001). The pattern therefore supports indirect-only mediation, often described as full mediation. The model explained 43.2% of the variance in satisfaction and 79.1% of the variance in loyalty. Recalculation confirmed the reported AVE values but identified a discriminant-validity concern between satisfaction and loyalty because their correlation (0.886) exceeded both square roots of AVE (0.864 and 0.815). Accordingly, the strong satisfaction–loyalty path should be interpreted cautiously. The findings indicate that payment convenience, security, and usefulness are more likely to build loyalty when they first generate a satisfying transaction experience. Ride-hailing providers should therefore connect payment-feature improvements with service reliability, transparent problem resolution, and consistent user support.
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References
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- Anderson, R. E., & Srinivasan, S. S. (2003). E-satisfaction and e-loyalty: A contingency framework. Psychology & Marketing, 20(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.10063
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- Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
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- Mohd Reza, M. D. S., Tan, S.-H., Chong, L.-L., & Ong, H.-B. (2024). Continuance usage intention of e-wallets: Insights from merchants. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(2), 100254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100254
- Nadia, F. I., & Firmansyah, F. (2025). QRIS ShopeePay user loyalty: The role of customer satisfaction in mediating service features and brand image. Golden Ratio of Marketing and Applied Psychology of Business, 5, 580–591. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmapb.v5i2.1136
- Nguyen, G.-D., & Dao, T.-H. T. (2024). Factors influencing continuance intention to use mobile banking: An extended expectation-confirmation model with moderating role of trust. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, 276. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02778-z
- Nguyen-Phuoc, D. Q., Vo, N. S., Su, D. N., Nguyen, V. H., & Oviedo-Trespalacios, O. (2021a). What makes passengers continue using and talking positively about ride-hailing services? The role of the booking app and post-booking service quality. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 150, 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.06.013
- Nguyen-Phuoc, D. Q., Oviedo-Trespalacios, O., Vo, N. S., Le, P. T., & Nguyen, T. V. (2021b). How does perceived risk affect passenger satisfaction and loyalty towards ride-sourcing services? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 97, 102921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102921
- Nurlaila, F., Kusmiati, E., & Shiddieq, D. F. (2026). Consumer preferences in choosing payment methods on the TikTok Shop and Shopee platforms. Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format, 6(1), 886–897. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmilf.v6i1.1769
- Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(Special Issue), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634S105
- Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
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- Ramayanti, R., Rachmawati, N. A., Azhar, Z., & Nik Azman, N. H. (2024). Exploring intention and actual use in digital payments: A systematic review and roadmap for future research. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 13, 100348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100348
- Rana, M. M., Siddiqee, M. S., & Uddin, M. A. (2025). The service quality imperative: Sustaining ridesharing adoption in the developing world. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 59, 101289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2025.101289
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- Shmueli, G., Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J.-H., Ting, H., Vaithilingam, S., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). Predictive model assessment in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for using PLSpredict. European Journal of Marketing, 53(11), 2322–2347. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2019-0189
- Tian, Y., & Chan, T. J. (2024). Predictors of mobile payment use applications from the extended Technology Acceptance Model: Does self-efficacy and trust matter? SAGE Open, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241292525
- Yapp, E. H. T., & Yeap, J. A. L. (2023). Assessing the determinants of customer-perceived value and customer satisfaction in e-hailing services: An importance-performance matrix analysis approach. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2191808. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2191808
- Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., Jr., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257
References
Abdul-Halim, N.-A., Vafaei-Zadeh, A., Hanifah, H., Teoh, A. P., & Nawaser, K. (2022). Understanding the determinants of e-wallet continuance usage intention in Malaysia. Quality & Quantity, 56(5), 3413–3439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01276-7
Aisyah, M., Al Arif, M. N. R., Rahmawati, Y., & Nuraini Ihsan, D. (2024). How collaborative consumption effect customer satisfaction and the ride-hailing drivers' psychological well-being in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Management Review, 29(4), 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2024.09.003
Akram, U., Lavuri, R., & Mathur, S. (2024). Hey boomer, “your ride has arrived”: Are you willing to continue using the ride-hailing app? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 77, 103678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103678
Al Amin, M., Muzareba, A. M., Chowdhury, I. U., & Khondkar, M. (2024). Understanding e-satisfaction, continuance intention, and e-loyalty toward mobile payment application during COVID-19: An investigation using the electronic technology continuance model. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 29, 318–340. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-022-00197-2
Al-Qudah, A. A., Al-Okaily, M., Alqudah, G., & Ghazlat, A. (2024). Mobile payment adoption in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Electronic Commerce Research, 24(1), 427–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-022-09577-1
Al-Sharafi, M. A., Al-Qaysi, N., Iahad, N. A., & Al-Emran, M. (2022). Evaluating the sustainable use of mobile payment contactless technologies within and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic using a hybrid SEM-ANN approach. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 40(5), 1071–1095. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-07-2021-0291
Anderson, R. E., & Srinivasan, S. S. (2003). E-satisfaction and e-loyalty: A contingency framework. Psychology & Marketing, 20(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.10063
APJII. (2025). Profil Internet Indonesia 2025. Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia.
Bank Indonesia. (2025, August 4). QRIS Jelajah Indonesia 2025: Encouraging digitalisation through inclusive and sustainable innovation.
Bhattacherjee, A. (2001). Understanding information systems continuance: An expectation-confirmation model. MIS Quarterly, 25(3), 351–370. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250921
Cheah, J. S. S., Emma, A. R., & Ammeran, M. Y. (2026). Determinants of continuous e-wallet usage in the post-COVID era: Evidence from Malaysia using the technology continuance theory. Quality & Quantity. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-026-02593-5
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
Elnadi, M., & Gheith, M. H. (2022). What makes consumers reuse ride-hailing services? An investigation of Egyptian consumers' attitudes towards ride-hailing apps. Travel Behaviour and Society, 29, 78–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2022.06.002
Elnadi, M., Troise, C., Jones, P., & Gheith, M. H. (2024). Exploring post-usage behaviour in app-based ride-sourcing services: Evidence from Egypt. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 207, 123643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123643
Fauzi, A. A., & Sheng, M. L. (2021). Ride-hailing apps' continuance intention among different consumer groups in Indonesia: The role of personal innovativeness and perceived utilitarian and hedonic value. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 33(5), 1195–1219.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Katili, F. A., Robby, F. A., & Handayani, P. W. (2024). The influence of the ride hailing apps loyalty program on customer loyalty: A case study in Indonesia. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 26, 101141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2024.101141
Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS-SEM: The inverse square root and gamma-exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131
Lee, C. K. H., & Wong, A. O. M. (2021). Antecedents of consumer loyalty in ride-hailing. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 80, 14–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.03.016
Li, J., Xu, X., Xu, H., & Song, Y. (2025). Measuring customer-perceived service quality in the ride-hailing industry: A generic approach for the development and validation of a multidimensional scale. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, 1570. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05902-9
Lu, K., & Shi, C. (2025). Why do travelers discontinue using integrated ride-hailing platforms? The role of perceived value and perceived risk. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, 344. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04683-5
Mohd Reza, M. D. S., Tan, S.-H., Chong, L.-L., & Ong, H.-B. (2024). Continuance usage intention of e-wallets: Insights from merchants. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(2), 100254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100254
Nadia, F. I., & Firmansyah, F. (2025). QRIS ShopeePay user loyalty: The role of customer satisfaction in mediating service features and brand image. Golden Ratio of Marketing and Applied Psychology of Business, 5, 580–591. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmapb.v5i2.1136
Nguyen, G.-D., & Dao, T.-H. T. (2024). Factors influencing continuance intention to use mobile banking: An extended expectation-confirmation model with moderating role of trust. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11, 276. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02778-z
Nguyen-Phuoc, D. Q., Vo, N. S., Su, D. N., Nguyen, V. H., & Oviedo-Trespalacios, O. (2021a). What makes passengers continue using and talking positively about ride-hailing services? The role of the booking app and post-booking service quality. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 150, 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.06.013
Nguyen-Phuoc, D. Q., Oviedo-Trespalacios, O., Vo, N. S., Le, P. T., & Nguyen, T. V. (2021b). How does perceived risk affect passenger satisfaction and loyalty towards ride-sourcing services? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 97, 102921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102921
Nurlaila, F., Kusmiati, E., & Shiddieq, D. F. (2026). Consumer preferences in choosing payment methods on the TikTok Shop and Shopee platforms. Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format, 6(1), 886–897. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmilf.v6i1.1769
Oliver, R. L. (1999). Whence consumer loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(Special Issue), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222429990634S105
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Rachma, M., Junaidi, J., & Anwar, S. M. (2026). The role of satisfaction in enhancing customer loyalty in Islamic mobile banking services of Bank Syariah Indonesia. Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format, 6(2), 1325–1336. https://doi.org/10.52970/grmilf.v6i2.1866
Ramayanti, R., Rachmawati, N. A., Azhar, Z., & Nik Azman, N. H. (2024). Exploring intention and actual use in digital payments: A systematic review and roadmap for future research. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 13, 100348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100348
Rana, M. M., Siddiqee, M. S., & Uddin, M. A. (2025). The service quality imperative: Sustaining ridesharing adoption in the developing world. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 59, 101289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2025.101289
Ricardianto, P., Ikhsan, R. B., Suryobuwono, A. A., Setiawan, E. B., Raharjo, E. P., Rahandi, R., & Cahyadi, D. (2024). What makes consumers attitudinal loyalty on ride-hailing services? An investigation of Indonesian consumers' perceived safety in using ride-hailing apps. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(2), 100306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100306
Shmueli, G., Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J.-H., Ting, H., Vaithilingam, S., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). Predictive model assessment in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for using PLSpredict. European Journal of Marketing, 53(11), 2322–2347. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2019-0189
Tian, Y., & Chan, T. J. (2024). Predictors of mobile payment use applications from the extended Technology Acceptance Model: Does self-efficacy and trust matter? SAGE Open, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241292525
Yapp, E. H. T., & Yeap, J. A. L. (2023). Assessing the determinants of customer-perceived value and customer satisfaction in e-hailing services: An importance-performance matrix analysis approach. Cogent Business & Management, 10(1), 2191808. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2191808
Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., Jr., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257