Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to address the research question of how perceived security, perceived ease of use, and service facilities influence customer loyalty toward Islamic mobile banking services, both directly and indirectly through trust and satisfaction. Specifically, this study tests the hypotheses that perceived security and perceived ease of use positively affect customer loyalty among BSI Mobile users. That trust and satisfaction mediate these relationships, while the effect of service facilities is expected to be more prominent through customer satisfaction. An explanatory quantitative approach was employed, collecting data from 240 active users of BSI Mobile, which were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in AMOS. The results indicate that perceived security and perceived ease of use have positive and significant effects on both trust and satisfaction. In contrast, service facilities do not have a significant effect on trust but do have a positive, significant effect on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, trust and satisfaction are proven to have significant positive effects on customer loyalty, with satisfaction emerging as the most dominant mediating variable in the structural model. These findings provide more profound insight: customer loyalty in Islamic mobile banking is shaped more by satisfaction with secure, user-friendly digital experiences than by the mere availability of service features. Theoretically, this study extends the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by integrating the dual mediating roles of trust and satisfaction in the context of Islamic banking. Practically, the findings emphasize the importance of Islamic banks' digital transformation strategies that prioritize system security and user experience optimization to foster sustainable customer loyalty and strengthen public trust in a Sharia-compliant digital financial ecosystem.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Ajouz, M., Shehadeh, M., Issa, S., & Nawawra, H. (2025). The moderating role of FinTech in the relationship between customer satisfaction and retention in the banking sector. International Journal of Financial Studies, 13(4), 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13040226
- Almaiah, M. A., Al-Otaibi, S., Shishakly, R., Hassan, L., Lutfi, A., Alrawad, M., Qatawneh, M., & Alghanam, O. A. (2023). Investigating the role of perceived risk, perceived security, and perceived trust on smart m-banking application using SEM. Sustainability, 15(13), 9908. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139908
- Amirkhalili, Y., & Wong, H. Y. (2025). Banking on feedback: Text analysis of mobile banking iOS and Google App reviews. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.11861.
- Ariyanti, R., Dailami, D., Utami, H. F., Rahmadani, D. S., Putri, D. F., Hsb, A. P., & Candra, N. A. (2026). Implementation of the digital membership system for customer loyalty. Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format, 6(1), 125–133.
- Bank Syariah Indonesia. (2025, March 12). Pengguna BYOND by BSI tumbuh pesat tembus 3,5 juta user. https://www.bankbsi.co.id/index.php/news-update/berita/pengguna-byond-by-bsi-tumbuh-pesat-tembus-35-juta-user
- Gazi, M. A. I., Masud, A. Al, Sobhani, F. A., Islam, M. A., Rita, T., Chaity, N. S., Das, M., & Senathirajah, A. R. bin S. (2025). Exploring the mediating effect of customer satisfaction on the relationships between service quality, efficiency, and reliability, and customer retention and loyalty in e-banking performance in emerging markets. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2433707. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2433707
- Hair, J. F., Jr., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook. Springer Nature.
- Junaidi, J. (2024). Islamic banks' contributions to economic growth and poverty alleviation in Indonesia's districts. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 29(58), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-02-2023-0023
- Kadir, A., Paly, M. B., & Abdullah, M. W. (2023). Customer loyalty in Islamic banks in Indonesia: Service quality mediated by satisfaction and customer trust. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(4), 7. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1221
- Kumar, P., Chauhan, S., Kumar, S., & Gupta, P. (2024). A meta-analysis of satisfaction in mobile banking: A contextual examination. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 42(3), 357–388. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-08-2022-0389
- Kumparan Bisnis. (2024, September 2). Nilai transaksi BSI Mobile Rp 298,82 triliun, tumbuh 35,4 persen. https://kumparan.com/kumparanbisnis/nilai-transaksi-bsi-mobile-rp-298-82-triliun-tumbuh-35-4-persen-23rlya4uwok
- Mohd Thas Thaker, M. A., Amin, M. F., Mohd Thas Thaker, H., & Allah Pitchay, A. (2019). What keeps Islamic mobile banking customers loyal? Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(2), 525–542. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2017-0090
- Muflih, M., Zen, M., Purbayati, R., Kristianingsih, K., Karnawati, H., Iswanto, B., & Juniwati, E. H. (2024). Customer loyalty to Islamic mobile banking: Evaluating the roles of justice theory, religiosity, satisfaction, and trust. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 42(3), 571–595. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-04-2022-0203
- Nandy, M., Kumar, P., & Chauhan, S. (2025). Unlocking the success of mobile banking: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Journal of Systems and Information Technology.
- Nasuka, M., Wijaya, T., & Hidayat, A. (2021). The role of Islamic marketing ethics for customer loyalty in Islamic banking through customer satisfaction. Economic Annals-XXI, 187.
- Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700405
- Palamidovska-Sterjadovska, N., Lim, W. M., Ciunova-Shuleska, A., & Bogoevska-Gavrilova, I. (2025). Service quality in mobile banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 43(6), 1195–1230. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-02-2024-0105
- Pokhrel, L., & KC, A. (2024). Mobile banking service quality and continuance intention: mediating role of satisfaction: a two-stage structural equation modeling–artificial neural network approach. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 42(3), 389–413. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-11-2022-0512.
- Rahardjo, I. P., & Darma, E. S. (2025). Digital service quality and mobile banking continuity as drivers of loyalty and bank reputation. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 26(2), 436–459. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v26i2.26102.
- Rahma, N., & Sofyani, H. (2024). The influence of Islamic banking's digital service quality on intention to continue using Islamic banking: a case study in Indonesia. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 25(1), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v25i1.18841
- Rezeki, M. R., Majid, M. S. A., & Kassim, S. H. (2023). The effect of e-service quality on e-loyalty of Islamic banking customers: does e-satisfaction act as a mediator? Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 9(2), 228–245. https://doi.org/10.20885/JEKI.vol9.iss2.art6
- Sianturi, C. M., & Gultom, A. G. (2026). Public perceptions of digital banking service quality and the relationship with customer satisfaction in Medan City, Indonesia. Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format, 6(1), 134–154.
References
Ajouz, M., Shehadeh, M., Issa, S., & Nawawra, H. (2025). The moderating role of FinTech in the relationship between customer satisfaction and retention in the banking sector. International Journal of Financial Studies, 13(4), 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13040226
Almaiah, M. A., Al-Otaibi, S., Shishakly, R., Hassan, L., Lutfi, A., Alrawad, M., Qatawneh, M., & Alghanam, O. A. (2023). Investigating the role of perceived risk, perceived security, and perceived trust on smart m-banking application using SEM. Sustainability, 15(13), 9908. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139908
Amirkhalili, Y., & Wong, H. Y. (2025). Banking on feedback: Text analysis of mobile banking iOS and Google App reviews. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.11861.
Ariyanti, R., Dailami, D., Utami, H. F., Rahmadani, D. S., Putri, D. F., Hsb, A. P., & Candra, N. A. (2026). Implementation of the digital membership system for customer loyalty. Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format, 6(1), 125–133.
Bank Syariah Indonesia. (2025, March 12). Pengguna BYOND by BSI tumbuh pesat tembus 3,5 juta user. https://www.bankbsi.co.id/index.php/news-update/berita/pengguna-byond-by-bsi-tumbuh-pesat-tembus-35-juta-user
Gazi, M. A. I., Masud, A. Al, Sobhani, F. A., Islam, M. A., Rita, T., Chaity, N. S., Das, M., & Senathirajah, A. R. bin S. (2025). Exploring the mediating effect of customer satisfaction on the relationships between service quality, efficiency, and reliability, and customer retention and loyalty in e-banking performance in emerging markets. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2433707. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2433707
Hair, J. F., Jr., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook. Springer Nature.
Junaidi, J. (2024). Islamic banks' contributions to economic growth and poverty alleviation in Indonesia's districts. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 29(58), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-02-2023-0023
Kadir, A., Paly, M. B., & Abdullah, M. W. (2023). Customer loyalty in Islamic banks in Indonesia: Service quality mediated by satisfaction and customer trust. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(4), 7. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1221
Kumar, P., Chauhan, S., Kumar, S., & Gupta, P. (2024). A meta-analysis of satisfaction in mobile banking: A contextual examination. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 42(3), 357–388. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-08-2022-0389
Kumparan Bisnis. (2024, September 2). Nilai transaksi BSI Mobile Rp 298,82 triliun, tumbuh 35,4 persen. https://kumparan.com/kumparanbisnis/nilai-transaksi-bsi-mobile-rp-298-82-triliun-tumbuh-35-4-persen-23rlya4uwok
Mohd Thas Thaker, M. A., Amin, M. F., Mohd Thas Thaker, H., & Allah Pitchay, A. (2019). What keeps Islamic mobile banking customers loyal? Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(2), 525–542. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2017-0090
Muflih, M., Zen, M., Purbayati, R., Kristianingsih, K., Karnawati, H., Iswanto, B., & Juniwati, E. H. (2024). Customer loyalty to Islamic mobile banking: Evaluating the roles of justice theory, religiosity, satisfaction, and trust. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 42(3), 571–595. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-04-2022-0203
Nandy, M., Kumar, P., & Chauhan, S. (2025). Unlocking the success of mobile banking: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Journal of Systems and Information Technology.
Nasuka, M., Wijaya, T., & Hidayat, A. (2021). The role of Islamic marketing ethics for customer loyalty in Islamic banking through customer satisfaction. Economic Annals-XXI, 187.
Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378001700405
Palamidovska-Sterjadovska, N., Lim, W. M., Ciunova-Shuleska, A., & Bogoevska-Gavrilova, I. (2025). Service quality in mobile banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 43(6), 1195–1230. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-02-2024-0105
Pokhrel, L., & KC, A. (2024). Mobile banking service quality and continuance intention: mediating role of satisfaction: a two-stage structural equation modeling–artificial neural network approach. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 42(3), 389–413. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-11-2022-0512.
Rahardjo, I. P., & Darma, E. S. (2025). Digital service quality and mobile banking continuity as drivers of loyalty and bank reputation. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 26(2), 436–459. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v26i2.26102.
Rahma, N., & Sofyani, H. (2024). The influence of Islamic banking's digital service quality on intention to continue using Islamic banking: a case study in Indonesia. Journal of Accounting and Investment, 25(1), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.v25i1.18841
Rezeki, M. R., Majid, M. S. A., & Kassim, S. H. (2023). The effect of e-service quality on e-loyalty of Islamic banking customers: does e-satisfaction act as a mediator? Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 9(2), 228–245. https://doi.org/10.20885/JEKI.vol9.iss2.art6
Sianturi, C. M., & Gultom, A. G. (2026). Public perceptions of digital banking service quality and the relationship with customer satisfaction in Medan City, Indonesia. Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format, 6(1), 134–154.