Main Article Content
Abstract
This qualitative study explores the dynamics of financial risk management, specifically focusing on credit, market, and operational risks within the banking, investment, and corporate sectors. The research investigates the interconnected nature of these risks, their implications for risk management practices, and their impact on systemic stability. The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of existing literature and qualitative interviews with experts in the field. Thematic analysis is employed to identify recurring themes and patterns within the data. The findings highlight the intricate interconnections between different types of risks and underscore the importance of adopting integrated risk management frameworks. The analysis shows that events associated with one kind of risk can have far-reaching implications for others, amplifying overall risk exposures and vulnerabilities. The study emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to risk management that considers the interdependencies between credit, market, and operational risks. The implications for risk management practices, regulatory frameworks, and systemic stability are discussed, highlighting the significance of enhancing operational resilience and promoting collaboration between academia, industry, and regulatory bodies. Overall, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of financial risk dynamics and provides insights for enhancing risk management practices within the economic system.
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References
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- Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31(3), 307-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(86)90063-1
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- Petersen, M., Pedersen, T., Haugland, S. A., & Heinimann, H. R. (2017). Managing operational risk: Practical strategies to identify and mitigate operational risk within financial institutions. John Wiley & Sons.
- Safadi, R., & Howard, D. H. (2018). Geopolitical risk: An overview and implications for business decisions. Business Horizons, 61(4), 583–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.04.006
- Sironi, A. (2020). Fintech and banking: Friends or foes? Journal of Banking & Finance, 113, 105772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.105772
- Sreedhar, C. (2016). Risk management in the Indian banking sector. IUP Journal of Risk & Insurance, 13(1), 38–48. https://www.iupindia.in/161/IJR%20RB/Risk_Management_in_Indian_Banking_Sector_38.html
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- Woods, M. (2015). Operational risk management: A practical approach to intelligent data analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
- Woods, M. (2016). Cyber risk management in the financial services industry. Routledge.
- Zhang, G., Tian, Y., & Lai, K. K. (2019). Social network, information discovery, and credit allocation: Evidence from peer-to-peer lending. Management Science, 65(3), 975–992. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.3010
References
Acemoglu, D., Akcigit, U., Bloom, N., Kerr, W. R., & Stanton, C. (2021). Productivity and innovation in response to crisis. American Economic Association Papers and Proceedings, 111, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20211120
Acharya, V., Engle, R., & Richardson, M. (2009). Capital shortfall: A new approach to ranking and regulating systemic risks. American Economic Review, 99(2), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.2.59
Acharya, V., Engle, R., & Richardson, M. (2017). Capital shortfall: A new approach to ranking and regulating systemic risks. American Economic Review, 107(5), 426–30. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20171007
Antweiler, W., & Frank, M. Z. (2004). Is all that talk just noise? The information content of internet stock message boards. The Journal of Finance, 59(3), 1259-1294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2004.00662.x
Bank for International Settlements. (2019). 89th annual report. https://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2019e.htm
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. (2010). Basel III: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264113064-6-en
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. (2011). Principles for the sound management of operational risk. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264113064-7-en
Ben-Ahmed, H. (2023). Interactions between credit and liquidity risks: Evidence from international banks. Journal of Financial Stability, 56, 100962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2023.100962
Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31(3), 307-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(86)90063-1
Borio, C. (2011). Implementing the macroprudential approach to financial regulation and supervision. Bank for International Settlements Working Papers, 337, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1798022
Butler, N. (2023). A paradigm shift in operational risk management: From loss events to predictive analytics. Journal of Operational Risk, 18(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.21314/JOP.2023.249
Chapelle, A., Crama, Y., & Hübner, G. (2018). Integrated risk management for pension funds: A dynamic programming approach. European Journal of Operational Research, 271(1), 368-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.02.020
Chen, S., Wang, Y., & Hsieh, P. (2020). Credit scoring with ensemble learning: A comparative study. Journal of Banking & Finance, 112, 105879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.105879
Crouhy, M., Galai, D., & Mark, R. (2000). Risk management. McGraw-Hill Professional.
Drezner, D. W. (2019). Theories of international politics and zombies. Princeton University Press.
Duffie, D. (2010). Dynamic asset pricing theory. Princeton University Press.
Economist Intelligence Unit. (2019). Predictive analytics for operational risk management. https://www.eiuperspectives.economist.com/sites/default/files/EIU%20Perspectives%20Predictive%20analytics%20for%20operational%20risk%20management%20-%20FINAL.pdf
Engle, R. F. (2001). GARCH 101: The use of ARCH/GARCH models in applied econometrics. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(4), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.15.4.157
Helleiner, E. (2014). The status quo crisis: Global financial governance after the 2008 meltdown. Oxford University Press.
Hillson, D. (2012). Understanding and managing risk attitude. Gower Publishing Ltd.
Hussain, M. E. (2000). Financial sector reforms and monetary policy in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Cooperation, 21(3), 53–82. https://www.jec.co.jp/eng/pdf/21-3_3.pdf
IPCC. (2021). Climate change 2021: The physical science basis. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
Jiang, Y., He, Y., & Li, S. (2021). Incorporating macroeconomic factors into structural credit risk models: Evidence from China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 66, 101660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2021.101660
Kwan, S. H., & Eisenbeis, R. A. (1997). Bank risk, capitalization, and operating efficiency. Journal of Financial Services Research, 12(2), 117-131. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007990819582
Levinson, A., & Mistrulli, P. E. (2019). Integrating stress tests within the Basel III capital framework: A macroprudential coherent approach. Journal of Financial Stability, 43, 100828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2019.05.001
Mallin, C., Melis, A., & Gaia, S. (2013). European corporate governance. Routledge.
McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., & Embrechts, P. (2005). Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques, and tools. Princeton University Press.
Nicoletti, C., Vincze, R., & Fusai, G. (2021). A multi-scenario approach for operational risk stress testing. European Journal of Operational Research, 290(2), 643-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.08.050
O'Donnell, E., McCarthy, M., & O'Regan, P. (2018). Operational risk management in financial services. Springer.
Petersen, M., Pedersen, T., Haugland, S. A., & Heinimann, H. R. (2017). Managing operational risk: Practical strategies to identify and mitigate operational risk within financial institutions. John Wiley & Sons.
Safadi, R., & Howard, D. H. (2018). Geopolitical risk: An overview and implications for business decisions. Business Horizons, 61(4), 583–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.04.006
Sironi, A. (2020). Fintech and banking: Friends or foes? Journal of Banking & Finance, 113, 105772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.105772
Sreedhar, C. (2016). Risk management in the Indian banking sector. IUP Journal of Risk & Insurance, 13(1), 38–48. https://www.iupindia.in/161/IJR%20RB/Risk_Management_in_Indian_Banking_Sector_38.html
Tarashev, N., Borio, C., & Tsatsaronis, K. (2014). Attributing systemic risk to individual institutions. International Journal of Central Banking, 10(1), 5–46. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2334752
Woods, M. (2015). Operational risk management: A practical approach to intelligent data analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
Woods, M. (2016). Cyber risk management in the financial services industry. Routledge.
Zhang, G., Tian, Y., & Lai, K. K. (2019). Social network, information discovery, and credit allocation: Evidence from peer-to-peer lending. Management Science, 65(3), 975–992. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.3010