Main Article Content
Abstract
The rapid development of digital technology has transformed patterns of political participation in contemporary democratic societies, including within Muslim communities. In recent years, Islamic digital activism has increasingly emerged through social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, X, and YouTube, which function not only as spaces for religious expression but also as instruments of political mobilization during electoral contestation. Muslim millennials, as digital natives, occupy a strategic position in shaping and disseminating Islamic political narratives in online public spheres. This study aims to analyze how digital activism influences Islamic political mobilization among Muslim millennials in electoral politics. Using a qualitative approach with digital ethnography methods, this research collects data through social media observation, online discourse analysis, and interviews with Muslim millennial users actively engaged in political content. The findings reveal that social media has transformed conventional Islamic political mobilization into a network-based and emotionally driven movement characterized by viral narratives, religious symbolism, and influencer-centered campaigns. Furthermore, digital activism strengthens identity-based political participation while simultaneously intensifying political polarization in online spaces. Theoretically, this study contributes to the development of digital political Islam discourse by integrating theories of connective action, cyber politics, and contemporary Islamic activism within the context of electoral democracy.
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References
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References
Castells, M. (2015). Redes de indignación y esperanza (Vol. 1). Alianza editorial Madrid.
Hamid, R. A. (2025). Indonesia’s Political Shifts: From Opposition to Coalition in 2014–2024 Elections. Jurnal Ilmu Kepolisian, 19(1), 121–135. https://doi.org/10.35879/jik.v19i1.620
Hamid, R. A., Jamil, M. S., Nimah, R., Siregar, M. A. H., & Supriyadi. (2025). Political Conflict between Islamic Law and National Law in Indonesia. Insani: Jurnal Pranata Sosial Hukum Islam, 1(1), 48–62. https://doi.org/10.65586/insani.v1i1.4
Majid, A., & Amirulkamar, S. (2023). Identity politics approaching the 2024 election through social media through sociology of religion perspective. Journal of Governance and Public Policy, 10(3), 274–287.
Bakshy, E., Messing, S., & Adamic, L. A. (2015). Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science, 348(6239), 1130–1132.
Barberá, P. (2020). Social media, echo chambers, and political polarization. In N. Persily & J. A. Tucker (Eds.), Social media and democracy: The state of the field, prospects for reform (pp. 34–55). Cambridge University Press.
Bayat, A. (2013). Life as politics: How ordinary people change the Middle East (2nd ed.). Stanford University Press.
Bayat, A. (Ed.). (2013). Post-Islamism: The changing faces of political Islam. Oxford University Press.
Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2013). The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Cambridge University Press.
Boulianne, S. (2015). Social media use and participation: A meta-analysis of current research. Information, Communication & Society, 18(5), 524–538.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Bredl, K., Hünniger, J., & Jensen, J. L. (Eds.). (2014). Methods for analyzing social media. Routledge.
Bukhari, B. (2025). Islam, religious moderation, and digital political polarization. Bukhari: Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam.
Bunt, G. R. (2009). iMuslims: Rewiring the house of Islam. University of North Carolina Press.
Bunt, G. R. (2018). Hashtag Islam: How cyber-Islamic environments are transforming religious authority. University of North Carolina Press.
Carlsen, H. B., & Toubøl, J. (2025). Beyond cheap and biased: Informal volunteering on social media during the COVID-19 crisis. New Media & Society.
Castells, M. (2015). Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the internet age (2nd ed.). Polity Press.
Cheng, Z., Zhang, B., & Gil de Zúñiga, H. (2023). Antecedents of political consumerism: Modeling online, social media and WhatsApp news use effects through political expression and political discussion. Mass Communication and Society, 28(4).
Creswell, J. W. (2022). A concise introduction to mixed methods research (2nd ed.). SAGE.
Duche-Pérez, A. B. (2025). Digital democracy and social media: Between participation, disinformation, and accountability in the 21st century. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Social Sciences.
Eickelman, D. F., & Anderson, J. W. (Eds.). (2003). New media in the Muslim world: The emerging public sphere (2nd ed.). Indiana University Press.
Fairclough, N. (2013). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Faizin, M., et al. (2025). Polarization of religious issues in Indonesia’s social media society and its impact on social conflict. Journal of Social and Political Studies.
Harahap, A. F. B., Rubino, R., & Effendi, E. (2024). The influence of Islamic digital content on political participation among Muslim millennials in Medan. At-Turas: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 11(2), 145–162.
Hasell, A., et al. (2025). Social media political attacks and emotional polarization. The International Journal of Press/Politics.
Hine, C. (2000). Virtual ethnography. SAGE.
Hrbková, L., Macek, J., & Macková, A. (2025). “Us vs. them”: Social media and affective political polarization. East European Politics and Societies.
Keating, A., & Melis, G. (2017). Social media and youth political engagement: Preaching to the converted or providing a new voice for youth? The British Journal of Sociology, 68(1), 106–119.
Kim, Y., et al. (2013). Social media and online political participation: The mediating role of exposure to cross-cutting and like-minded perspectives. Telematics and Informatics, 30(4), 320–330.
Majid, M. A., & Amirulkamar, S. (2023). Identity politics and social media in Indonesian electoral politics. Government and Politics Journal, 5(2), 88–103.
Morgan, D. L. (1997). Focus groups as qualitative research (2nd ed.). SAGE.
Mujani, S. (2020). Religion and voting behavior: Evidence from the Indonesian election. Al-Jāmi‘ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 58(2), 419–450.
Nisa, E. F. (2018). Social media and the birth of an Islamic social movement: ODOJ (One Day One Juz). Indonesia and the Malay World, 46(134), 24–43.
Ohme, J. (2019). Political social media use among first-time voters and its effects on campaign participation. Information, Communication & Society, 22(13), 1937–1955.
Ramadhan, A., et al. (2025). Digital da’wah and political mobilization among Muslim youth in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Communication Studies.
Rouse, S. M., et al. (2022). Millennials as digital natives: News consumption and political preferences. In Citizens of the World. Oxford University Press.
Roy, O. (2004). Globalized Islam: The search for a new ummah. Columbia University Press.
Saifuddin, F. G., & Musyafiq, A. (2026). Islamic digital wisdom: Formulation of social media ethics based on hadith to address the digital moral crisis. Lentera: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies.
Terren, L., & Borge-Bravo, R. (2021). Echo chambers on social media: A systematic review of the literature. Review of Communication Research, 9, 99–118.
Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Cambridge University Press.
Wiktorowicz, Q. (2002). Islamic activism and social movement theory: A new direction for research. The Muslim World, 92(2), 187–211.
Xiong, Y., Cho, M., & Boatwright, B. (2019). Hashtag activism and message frames among social movement organizations: Semantic network analysis and thematic analysis of Twitter during the #BlackLivesMatter movement. Public Relations Review, 45(1), 10–23.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE.