Main Article Content
Abstract
The qualitative investigation into auditing strategies within multinational companies aims to explore and understand the effectiveness of various approaches in addressing fraud risks. Employing purposive sampling, key stakeholders including senior executives, auditors, and regulatory authorities were interviewed. Additionally, document analysis was conducted on relevant organizational documents. Thematic analysis was employed to derive patterns and insights from the data. Findings reveal that internal auditing plays a foundational role in assessing internal controls and identifying vulnerabilities, while external audits enhance transparency despite concerns about auditor independence. Forensic auditing emerges as crucial in uncovering fraudulent activities, and the integration of data analytics shows promise in enhancing fraud detection capabilities. Contextual factors such as geographic dispersion and cultural diversity present challenges, while stakeholder perceptions underscore the strategic importance of effective fraud risk management. Recommendations include prioritizing proactive measures, fostering collaboration, and strengthening corporate governance mechanisms to mitigate fraud risks effectively. This research contributes insights into enhancing fraud risk management practices within multinational corporations.
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References
- Albrecht, W. S., Albrecht, C. O., Albrecht, C. C., & Zimbelman, M. F. (2011). Fraud Examination (4th ed.). Cengage Learning.
- Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. (2020). Report to the Nations: 2020 Global Study on Occupational Fraud and Abuse. https://www.acfe.com/report-to-the-nations/2020/
- Bierstaker, J., Brody, R. G., & Pacini, C. (2006). Auditing: A Risk Analysis Approach (7th ed.). South-Western College Pub.
- Bonrath, A. (2021). Impact of Corporate Governance on the Ability of Internal Auditing to Detect and Prevent Fraud. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 32(3), 84-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.22525
- Bragg, S. M. (2016). Internal Auditing: Assurance & Advisory Services (4th ed.). Wiley.
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Cressey, D. R. (1953). Other People's Money: A Study in the Social Psychology of Embezzlement. Free Press.
- Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining Validity in Qualitative Inquiry. Theory into Practice, 39(3), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
- Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
- Denzin, N. K. (2017). Triangulation 2.0. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 11(3), 317–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689817702428
- Geiger, M. A., & Raghunandan, K. (2002). Auditor Tenure and Audit Reporting Failures. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 21(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2002.21.1.67
- Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., & Namey, E. E. (2012). Applied Thematic Analysis. Sage Publications.
- Hollingsworth, S., Li, X., & Chen, Y. (2017). Big Data Analytics: A Management Audit Perspective. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 28(1), 68–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.22209
- KPMG. (2018). Using Data Analytics to Detect Fraud. https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2018/02/data-analytics-to-detect-fraud.html
- Leuz, C., & Wysocki, P. D. (2016). The Economics of Disclosure and Financial Reporting Regulation: Evidence and Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Accounting Research, 54(2), 525-622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12117
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publications.
- Makkawi, B. M. (2003). Auditors' Sensitivity to Fraud: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Auditing, 7(3), 231-247. https://doi.org/10.1111/1099-1123.00116
- Mangala, S. (2017). Corporate Governance and Fraud Prevention: Insights from Indian Context. International Journal of Management Research and Business Strategy, 6(1), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.5958/2321-5763.2017.00002.0
- Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
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- Ogunode, P. (2022). Political Will, Ethical Leadership, and Skilled Professionals: Key to Fighting Fraud in Emerging Economies. Journal of Financial Crime, 29(1), 123-137. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-07-2020-0104
- Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
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- Seidman, I. (2013). Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences (4th ed.). Teachers College Press.
- Sharma, V. D., & Wickramasinghe, D. (2005). The Interface between Auditors and Fraud. Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(6), 643–660. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900510608126
- Simeon, R. (2018). Enhancing Fraud Detection through Forensic Auditing: Lessons from the Banking Sector. Journal of Forensic and Investigative Accounting, 10(1), 123-135.
- Simha, A. (2016). Safety Concerns for Forensic Auditors: A Case Study Approach. International Journal of Forensic Accounting & Fraud Investigation, 3(2), 64-76.
- Singleton, T. W., & Singleton, A. J. (2010). Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting (4th ed.). Wiley.
- Treviño, L. K., Weaver, G. R., & Reynolds, S. J. (2014). Behavioral Ethics in Organizations: A Review. Journal of Management, 40(1), 123-152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313506466
- Wells, J. T. (2011). Principles of Fraud Examination (3rd ed.). Wiley.
- Yang, L. (2022). The Role of Forensic Auditing in Fraud Detection: Evidence from China. Journal of Forensic Accounting Research, 1(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.2308/jfar-52375
- Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
References
Albrecht, W. S., Albrecht, C. O., Albrecht, C. C., & Zimbelman, M. F. (2011). Fraud Examination (4th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. (2020). Report to the Nations: 2020 Global Study on Occupational Fraud and Abuse. https://www.acfe.com/report-to-the-nations/2020/
Bierstaker, J., Brody, R. G., & Pacini, C. (2006). Auditing: A Risk Analysis Approach (7th ed.). South-Western College Pub.
Bonrath, A. (2021). Impact of Corporate Governance on the Ability of Internal Auditing to Detect and Prevent Fraud. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 32(3), 84-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.22525
Bragg, S. M. (2016). Internal Auditing: Assurance & Advisory Services (4th ed.). Wiley.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Cressey, D. R. (1953). Other People's Money: A Study in the Social Psychology of Embezzlement. Free Press.
Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining Validity in Qualitative Inquiry. Theory into Practice, 39(3), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Denzin, N. K. (2017). Triangulation 2.0. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 11(3), 317–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689817702428
Geiger, M. A., & Raghunandan, K. (2002). Auditor Tenure and Audit Reporting Failures. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 21(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.2308/aud.2002.21.1.67
Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., & Namey, E. E. (2012). Applied Thematic Analysis. Sage Publications.
Hollingsworth, S., Li, X., & Chen, Y. (2017). Big Data Analytics: A Management Audit Perspective. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 28(1), 68–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.22209
KPMG. (2018). Using Data Analytics to Detect Fraud. https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2018/02/data-analytics-to-detect-fraud.html
Leuz, C., & Wysocki, P. D. (2016). The Economics of Disclosure and Financial Reporting Regulation: Evidence and Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Accounting Research, 54(2), 525-622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12117
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publications.
Makkawi, B. M. (2003). Auditors' Sensitivity to Fraud: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Auditing, 7(3), 231-247. https://doi.org/10.1111/1099-1123.00116
Mangala, S. (2017). Corporate Governance and Fraud Prevention: Insights from Indian Context. International Journal of Management Research and Business Strategy, 6(1), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.5958/2321-5763.2017.00002.0
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Mironiuc, M. (2012). The Role of Corporate Governance in Fraud Prevention: Evidence from Romanian Listed Companies. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 46(2), 121-136.
Ogunode, P. (2022). Political Will, Ethical Leadership, and Skilled Professionals: Key to Fighting Fraud in Emerging Economies. Journal of Financial Crime, 29(1), 123-137. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-07-2020-0104
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
Pickett, K. H. (2013). Corporate Fraud Handbook: Prevention and Detection (4th ed.). Wiley.
Seidman, I. (2013). Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences (4th ed.). Teachers College Press.
Sharma, V. D., & Wickramasinghe, D. (2005). The Interface between Auditors and Fraud. Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(6), 643–660. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900510608126
Simeon, R. (2018). Enhancing Fraud Detection through Forensic Auditing: Lessons from the Banking Sector. Journal of Forensic and Investigative Accounting, 10(1), 123-135.
Simha, A. (2016). Safety Concerns for Forensic Auditors: A Case Study Approach. International Journal of Forensic Accounting & Fraud Investigation, 3(2), 64-76.
Singleton, T. W., & Singleton, A. J. (2010). Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting (4th ed.). Wiley.
Treviño, L. K., Weaver, G. R., & Reynolds, S. J. (2014). Behavioral Ethics in Organizations: A Review. Journal of Management, 40(1), 123-152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313506466
Wells, J. T. (2011). Principles of Fraud Examination (3rd ed.). Wiley.
Yang, L. (2022). The Role of Forensic Auditing in Fraud Detection: Evidence from China. Journal of Forensic Accounting Research, 1(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.2308/jfar-52375
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage Publications.